Rivascolarizzazione Cerebrale Tecnica Chirurgica

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Presentation transcript:

Rivascolarizzazione Cerebrale Tecnica Chirurgica V Corso Nazionale Congiunto SIDV-GIUV SINSEC Bertinoro 28 -31 Marzo 2007 Rivascolarizzazione Cerebrale Tecnica Chirurgica Giuseppe Russo Responsabile UOSS “Cerebropatie Vascolari Acute” UOSC Neurochirurgia d’Urgenza AORN “A.Cardarelli” - Napoli

Extracranial - Intracranial Bypass EC-IC bypass was originally developed by Yasargil and Yonekawa in 1977 as a safe means of direct cerebral revascularization. Una affascinante ipotesi ed una grande speranza quella proposta da Yasargil di poter rivascolarizzare il cervello per prevenire l’ictus cerebrale. Speranze che sembravano naufragate alla luce dei risultati dello Studio… i quali non dimostravano alcun beneficio statisticamente significativo nei pazienti ischemici; per motivi principalmente legati alla mancanza di validi criteri di selezione emodinamica dei pazienti. Ciò nonostante, alcuni gruppi hanno continuato a rivascolarizzare il cervello mediante bypass EC-IC specialmente in caso di tumori del basicranio ed aneurismi il cui trattamento, imponeva la chiusura di un importante vaso parente. Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

This methodology was called into question by the EC-IC Bypass Study Extracranial - Intracranial Bypass This methodology was called into question by the EC-IC Bypass Study in 1985 which found the procedure to be of no statistical benefit and essentially discontinued as a treatment for cerebral ischemia. Una affascinante ipotesi ed una grande speranza quella proposta da Yasargil di poter rivascolarizzare il cervello per prevenire l’ictus cerebrale. Speranze che sembravano naufragate alla luce dei risultati dello Studio… i quali non dimostravano alcun beneficio statisticamente significativo nei pazienti ischemici; per motivi principalmente legati alla mancanza di validi criteri di selezione emodinamica dei pazienti. Ciò nonostante, alcuni gruppi hanno continuato a rivascolarizzare il cervello mediante bypass EC-IC specialmente in caso di tumori del basicranio ed aneurismi il cui trattamento, imponeva la chiusura di un importante vaso parente. Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Extracranial - Intracranial Bypass continued to be used for The procedure, however, continued to be used for CBF replacement as an adjunct to parent vessel sacrifice in patients with aneurysms and tumors who had poor collateral circulation. Una affascinante ipotesi ed una grande speranza quella proposta da Yasargil di poter rivascolarizzare il cervello per prevenire l’ictus cerebrale. Speranze che sembravano naufragate alla luce dei risultati dello Studio… i quali non dimostravano alcun beneficio statisticamente significativo nei pazienti ischemici; per motivi principalmente legati alla mancanza di validi criteri di selezione emodinamica dei pazienti. Ciò nonostante, alcuni gruppi hanno continuato a rivascolarizzare il cervello mediante bypass EC-IC specialmente in caso di tumori del basicranio ed aneurismi il cui trattamento, imponeva la chiusura di un importante vaso parente. Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Extracranial - Intracranial Bypass Most distal angiography lesion of 1337 Partecipants Middle cerebral artery Stenosis 14.4 % Occlusion 12.1 % Internal Carotid artery Stenosis (above C2) 15.4 % Occlusion, no symptoms 37.0 % Occlusion, recurrent symptoms 21.1 % The EC/IC Bypass Study Group, 1985

Extracranial - Intracranial Bypass It is clearly impossible to reach a conclusion in the matter without physiological studies of CBF …..

Extracranial - Intracranial Bypass Do abnormal cerebral hemodynamics identify a stroke risk ? n. CBF Assesment poor CVR adequate CVR Yonas et al (1985) 68 stable xenon CT & acetazolamide 36 % 4.4 % Kleiser & Widder (1992) 81 TCD and inhaled CO2 21 % Silvestrini et al (1994) 32 24 % Grubb (1998) 89 PET - OEF 26.5 % 5.3 % Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Three basic strategies Haemodynamic and Metabolic Responses to CPP Reductions Three basic strategies paired rCBF measurements, with initial measurement obtained at rest and the second after provision of a cerebral vasodilatory stimulus measurement of rCBV alone or in combination with measurement of rCBF in the resting brain direct measurement of rOEF Derdeyn et al. – Brain, 2002 after Powers et al., 1987 1. Increased OEF in the territory of an occluded carotid artery often occurs in the absence of a measurable elevation in CBV. 2. Patients who have both increased OEF and increased CBV, are at much higher risk for subsequent ipsilateral stroke. Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Haemodynamic and Metabolic Responses to CPP Reduction Increased OEF without increased CBV Haemodynamic Failure Stage 2 Reductions in perfusion pressure within the autoregulatory range Increased CBV indicates autoregulatory vasodilation Derdeyn et al. Brain, 2002

1) Vascular imaging studies demonstrating occlusion of one ICA Inclusion criteria 1) Vascular imaging studies demonstrating occlusion of one ICA 2) Vascular imaging studies demonstrating less than 50% stenosis of the contralateral extracranial ICA 3) A TIA or ischemic stroke in the hemispheric CA territory of the occluded CA 4) Most recent qualifying TIA or stroke must have occurred within 120 days prior to the performance date of PET 5) Modified Barthel Index score greater or equal to 12/20 6) Age ranging between 18 and 85 years RL. Grubb,WJ Powers, CP Derdeyn Neurosurg Focus 14 (3): 2003

Sites were the recorded hemodynamic changes are produced Parenchimal Can TCD Ultrasounds provide useful informations in singling out the “long-searched” group of patients elegible for cerebral bypass ? Il punto chiave per una riconsiderazione su basi scientifiche della rivascolarizzazione chirurgica Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

CerebroVascular Reserve TCD recorded CO2 Reactivity Test The increase of Blood Flow Velocity during hypercapnia “CO2 reactivity” gives a measure of the capacity of the intracerebral arterioles to dilate further reference value: 3.5 % ± 0.9 mmHg L Vmca R Vmca p CO2 Metodo con indubbi vantaggi ma non ancora standardizzato G Russo, CA Lodi, M Ursino – Neurological Sciences, 2000

Impaired CerebroVascular Reserve in left ICA occlusion R Vmca L Vmca p CO2 fhfg G Russo, CA Lodi, M Ursino – Neurological Sciences, 2000

CerebroVascular Reserve Assessment Side to Side Index Healthy Subjects ICA occlusione Limite: età differente 20-77 anni; Clinica: un episodio di TIA o RIND risolto – deficit stabilizzato M Ursino, CA Lodi, G Russo - Journal of Vascular Research 2000

Vascular Brain Reserve Paradoxical Responce Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

explained by the “model” Paradoxical Response explained by the “model” ICA OCCLUDED SIDE - Maximal Vasodilated CPP Hypercapnia + CBV VENOUS PRESSURE Vasodilation + Riduzione omolaterale del CBF per riduzione della Pressione controlaterale ed aumento del CBV Reduced Pressure in the Willis ICA OPEN SIDE M Ursino, CA Lodi, G Russo - Journal of Vascular Research 2000;37:123-133

Case Report Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Case Report STA-MCA ByPass Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Case Report Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Case Report Before STA-MCA bypass 20 days after STA-MCA bypass Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Brain Revascularization High flow graft 70 – 180 ml/min 15 – 25 ml/min Low flow STA-MCA bypass La tecnica classica Distal Flow Increase Proximal Flow Replacement ICA Reconstruction Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Bypass procedures for ICA reconstruction Reconstruction of the ICA with the use of interpositional SVGs (high flow EC-IC bypass) for the management of giant aneurysms was popularized by Sundt in the early 1980’s Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Bypass procedures for ICA reconstruction Skull Base, volume 15, number 1, 2005 E. de Oliveira Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Bypass procedures for ICA reconstruction Skull Base, volume 15, number 1, 2005 E. de Oliveira Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Bypass procedures for ICA reconstruction Skull Base, volume 15, number 1, 2005 E. de Oliveira Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Bypass procedures for ICA reconstruction Perioperative Stroke Risk 7 - 15 % Skull Base, volume 15, number 1, 2005 E. de Oliveira Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Excimer Laser Assisted Nonocclusive Anastomosis ELANA Excimer Laser Assisted Nonocclusive Anastomosis Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

ELANA Excimer Laser Assisted Nonocclusive Anastomosis Training Model in Vivo Centro per le Biotecnologie Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Excimer Laser Assisted Nonocclusive Anastomosis ELANA Excimer Laser Assisted Nonocclusive Anastomosis Training Model in Vivo Excimer Laser Assisted Non-occlusive Anastomosis (ELANA). Our experience with a training model in vivo. Russo G., Rotondo M., Punzo A., Di Napoli D. Journal Neurosurg Sci 51, 1: 11-17, 2007 Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Excimer Laser Assisted Nonocclusive Anastomosis ELANA Excimer Laser Assisted Nonocclusive Anastomosis PARTNER HOSPITALS Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht - Holland Universitaetsklinikum Mannheim – Germany University Hospital Helsinky - Finland Inselspital Bern – Switzerland AORN A.Cardarelli Napoli - Italy Kings College Hospital London - UK St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital New York - NY USA Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Giant Supraclinoid Carotid Aneurysm First ELANA procedure in Italy – May 2006 G.M. 22 yrs Left-handed Right Retro-orbital Pulsating Headache Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Giant Supraclinoid Carotid Aneurysm First ELANA procedure in Italy – May 2006 Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Giant Supraclinoid Carotid Aneurysm First ELANA procedure in Italy – May 2006 Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

ECA-MCA Excimer Laser Assisted Non-occlusive Anastomosis Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

ECA-MCA Excimer Laser Assisted Non-occlusive Anastomosis Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Case n°1 – Five monthes follow-up Una affascinante ipotesi ed una grande speranza quella proposta da Yasargil di poter rivascolarizzare il cervello per prevenire l’ictus cerebrale. Speranze che sembravano naufragate alla luce dei risultati dello Studio… i quali non dimostravano alcun beneficio statisticamente significativo nei pazienti ischemici; per motivi principalmente legati alla mancanza di validi criteri di selezione emodinamica dei pazienti. Ciò nonostante, alcuni gruppi hanno continuato a rivascolarizzare il cervello mediante bypass EC-IC specialmente in caso di tumori del basicranio ed aneurismi il cui trattamento, imponeva la chiusura di un importante vaso parente. Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Case n°1 – Five monthes follow-up Una affascinante ipotesi ed una grande speranza quella proposta da Yasargil di poter rivascolarizzare il cervello per prevenire l’ictus cerebrale. Speranze che sembravano naufragate alla luce dei risultati dello Studio… i quali non dimostravano alcun beneficio statisticamente significativo nei pazienti ischemici; per motivi principalmente legati alla mancanza di validi criteri di selezione emodinamica dei pazienti. Ciò nonostante, alcuni gruppi hanno continuato a rivascolarizzare il cervello mediante bypass EC-IC specialmente in caso di tumori del basicranio ed aneurismi il cui trattamento, imponeva la chiusura di un importante vaso parente. Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Excimer Laser Assisted Nonocclusive Anastomosis ELANA Excimer Laser Assisted Nonocclusive Anastomosis Dedicated Team Permanent Training More than 10 ELANA /year International Register National Register Giuseppe Russo, Neurochirurgo - AORN “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli

Grazie !