CIVICS.

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Presentation transcript:

CIVICS

How is it ruled?????

Too vast ?????

THREE LEVELS OF THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT

Central Government of India Another name: Union Government Location: New Delhi (capital) Functions: deals with matters of national importance defence national finance foreign exchange railways postal services

State Government of India Division of India – states Each state – own state government Function of each state government – law and order local transport health services community development programmes

Local Self - Government Bottom of the administrative pyramid Functions at the grass – roots level Formed by the people of a certain locality Local people – elect own representatives – local government of an area Function – local problems, basic needs of the local people

Local Self Government

Rural Local Self - Government

Urban Local Self - Government

Rural Local Self – Government Chapter 20 Pg 131 to 139

Rural Local Self - Government Functions under the ‘panchayati raj system’ panchayati raj system – three – tiered system

Panchayats ancient tradition in villages ‘panchayat’ - group of five people/ elders/ panchas deal with local problems, solve disputes among villagers decision – binding upon all the people functioned well till the Mughal period British sent their own officials to look after rural problems – not much effective during British rule. revived by the democratic government after independence Main purpose : involve villagers in managing their own affairs

Panchayati system – three parts

Gram Sabha or Village Assembly Villages – population of 500 or more Members – all adult members of the village Meetings – twice a year Discusses important matters and problems regarding the villages. Elected representatives of this assembly form the ‘Gram Panchayat’

Gram Panchayat Elected senior members of Gram Sabha form the Gram Panchayat Seats reserved for Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes One – third of seats reserved for women

Nyaya Panchayat formed in some villages elected by the gram panchayat settles disputes in a cheap and speedy way solves petty civil, criminal cases allowed to impose small fines cannot send people to jail Villagers are allowed to approach the district or high court if both the parties are not satisfied of the panchayat’s decision.

Panchayat - Features Head – pradhan/sarpanch – elected by the Gram Sabha – assisted by the vice – sarpanch or up – pradhan – 3- 5 years term period sarpanch – announces meetings and organises them, signs important documents, coordinates events

Panchayat – Compulsory functions Maintainance of roads, water sources Health facilities Drinking water Cleanliness Check spread of diseases – vaccination, inoculation Construction – buldings, burial grounds Primary education Record of birth and death Improvement , development of farmers Looking after weaker sections

Panchayat – Optional Functions Construction of playgrounds, rest houses Installation of television, radio sets in community centres Organisation of educational programmes Cattle fairs, village markets

Sources of Income - Panchayat House tax, fair tax, shop tax Fees for recording sale of land and cattle Admission fees for services of Nyaya Panchayat Fines on criminal offences Import and export tax Grants from Zila Parishads, District Boards

Importance – Gram Panchayat Helping in daily problems Administrative, social, economic, judicial functions Community development Training for future leaders Mutual help, cooperation, responsibility, self – sufficiency

BLOCK SAMITIS (block level) Handles problems which are too difficult for panchayats to solve – pooling resouces for a large hospital (Eg) Many village panchayats (usually a hundred) = one block samiti / panchayat samiti

Composition of Block Samiti Sarpanches of all village panchayats under it Town Area Committee (if any in the block) – Chairperson Members of the parliament and state legislative assembly (Vidhan Sabha) representing the block Members of SCs, STs, backward classes One – third for women chairperson, vice – chairperson – elected by its members block development officer – carrying out its plans

Block Samiti - Functions Supervises the working of the village panchayats under it Arranges government funds for its development Community Development Programmes – financial assistance, irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, education, health facilities, drinking water, sanitation, financial assistance

ZILA PARISHAD District board (district level) Head of the panchayati raj system

Zila Parishad - Composition Chairpersons of block samitis Members of the state legislature (vidhan sabha and vidhan parishad) Members of the Parliament (MPs) District collector, district judges, district police officers Reservation of STs, backward classes One – third for women

Zila Parishads - Functions Supervises block samitis, panchayats Advises the state government on working of panchayati raj system Supervises working of community development projects of block samities and five – year plan projects Monitors agricultural production, undertakes irrigation projects Builds, maintains, inspects primary, secondary schools, hospitals, dispensaries, primary health centres Establishes and maintains cooperatives – promotion of industries and arts Link between panchayat samiti and state government

Sources of Income – Block Samiti, Zila Parishad Grants and aids from state governments, central government Land tax, house tax, water tax, electricity tax, tax on fairs and cattle

Conclusion Democratic awareness Take part in governing country – cooperation at different levels