The Scramble for Africa Guided Reading Q & A

Independent African Nations in 1914: European Imperialism Independent African Nations in 1914: Ethiopia Liberia

1. What is Social Darwinism? The notion that certain nations or races are more fit than others and that those nations should rule over the “less fit” nations. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FmEjDaWqA4

2. Why did Europeans want raw materials from Africa? To manufacture goods.

3. What drove European leaders to claim African territory? Political Reasons: Evidence of their “power” Economic Reasons: As a source of raw materials for factories and a potential market for finished products.

4. What advances in technology made European domination of Africa possible? The Machine Gun Telegraphs Railroads Steamships Quinine (Helped fight against Malaria) First automatic machine gun Maxim Machine Gun Quinine

5. What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference? To divide African territory among European nations

6. Do you think Leopold II should have claimed the Belgian Congo for himself? Why or why not? No, he was a brutal leader. Belgian government took over because of an international outcry against him

7. Who were the Zulu? An African group that resisted colonialism for more than 50 years. The Zulu

8. How did Ethiopians under Menelik II defeat the Italians? Ethiopia has a modern army that was larger and better armed than the Italian army.

“New Imperialism” in Africa Causes: European nations needed raw materials European leaders wanted power and land Europeans believed in Social Darwinism

“New Imperialism” in Africa Effects: Africans lost their land and independence Many Africans died resisting the Europeans