Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 17 Blood & Blood Vessels Martini’s Visual Anatomy and Physiology First Edition Martini w Ober Chapter 17 Blood & Blood Vessels Lecture 5 50 min, 29 slides

Lecture Overview Pulmonary Circuit Systemic Circuit Arterial system Venous system

Pulmonary Circuit consists of vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Systemic Circuit Composed of vessels that lead from the heart to all body parts (except the lungs) and back to the heart Includes the aorta and its branches (know!) Includes the system of veins that return blood to the right atrium Includes the coronary circulation

Major Vessels of Arterial System Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Major Blood Vessels Associated With Heart * Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 * * * * * * * Remember your ABCs: Aortic arch, Brachiocephalic, Carotid, subclavian

Descending and Thoracic Aorta Diaphragm is the point at which the thoracic aorta becomes the abdominal aorta Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Aorta and Its Principal Branches Table from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 Celi(o) – abdomen; Mes – middle; enter – intestines; **Need to know this table; if I give you an artery, you need to know which branch (part) of the aorta it arises from

Abdominal Aorta and Its Major Branches * * * * * * * Major branches of the celiac trunk – left gastric a. (stomach, inf. Esophagus), splenic a. (spleen, arteries of the stomach and pancreas), common hepatic a. (liver, stomach, gall bladder, and duodenal area). Superior mesenteric – arises 2.5 cm inferior to celiac trunk; supplies arteries to pancreas and duodenum, small intestine, and most of large intestine. * Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Benjamin Cummings, 2004 Three branches of the celiac trunk: 1. left gastric a., 2. common hepatic a., 3. splenic a.

Abdominal Aorta and Its Major Branches * * * * * * Major branches of the celiac trunk – left gastric a. (stomach, inf. Esophagus), splenic a. (spleen, arteries of the stomach and pancreas), common hepatic a. (liver, stomach, gall bladder, and duodenal area). Superior mesenteric – arises 2.5 cm inferior to celiac trunk; supplies arteries to pancreas and duodenum, small intestine, and most of large intestine. Celiac – relating to abdomen * Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Arteries to Neck, Head, and Brain Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 * * * * * *

Cerebral Arterial Circle Also called the Circle of Willis Formed by anterior and posterior cerebral arteries, which join the internal carotid and basilar arteries Know all these Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Arteries to Shoulder and Upper Limb * * * = pulse points * * Brachiocephalic a. becomes the subclavian a. after giving rise to the left common carotid and subclavian arteries; thereafter it is the subclavian a. The axillary a. begins after the subclavian a. passes the superior border of the first rib; the axillary a. becomes the brachial a. after giving rise to the anterior and posterior circumflex arteries. Collateral arteries are branches arising FROM another artery, recurrent arteries are arteries coming back into a major artery after branching. * Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Arteries to Thoracic Wall Anterior intercostal a. arise from the internal thoracic a. which is a branch of the subclavian a. Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Arteries to Lower Limbs and Pelvis Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 * * *

Arteries to Pelvic Region Internal iliacs supply: wall of pelvic region, rectum, urinary bladder, uterus and vagina, gluteal muscles, adductor m. of thigh, perineum and external genitals. Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Main Branches of External Iliac Artery * * * * * * Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 *

Major Vessels of the Venous System Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Major Veins of the Brain, Head, and Neck External jugular v. drains blood from face, scalp, and superficial neck regions * * * * * Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Major Veins of the Brain, Head, and Neck Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Location of Internal and External Jugular V. Figure from: Anatomy & Physiology Revealed, 2010 External Jugular v. Internal Jugular v. SCM

Major Veins - Upper Limb and Shoulder * * Median cubital vein is often used to draw blood (venipuncture) * (deep) * (superficial) * (superficial) * * * * * Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Major Veins - Upper Limb and Shoulder Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Veins That Drain the Thoracic Wall Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 Together the azygos v. and hemiazygos v. drain the thoracic wall, thoracic viscera, and abdominal wall

Hepatic Portal Vein Hepatic portal vein drains one set of capillaries and connects via veins to another set of capillaries before it becomes a vein again Note that veins in the abdominal cavity drain into the hepatic portal vein Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Veins That Drain the Abdominal Viscera * * * Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Main Veins of the Lower Limb and Pelvis * * * * * Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 * * *

Review The blood vessels form a closed circuit for distribution of the blood from the heart to the tissues and back again. The vessels of the CVS include Arteries - carry blood away from ventricles of heart; this walled; elastic Arterioles - receive blood from arteries/carry blood to capillaries; major flow regulators Capillaries - sites of exchange of substances between blood and body cells Venules - receive blood from capillaries Veins - carry blood toward atria of heart