REPEAT BREEDING SYNDROME

THE MOST VEXING PROBLEM FOR A VETERINARIAN!

DEFINITION A repeat breeder cow is defined as one That has been bred 3 or more times but not conceived Has normal estrous cycle Is free from palpable abnormality Has no abnormal vaginal discharge Has calved atleast once and Is less than 10 years old

ETIOLOGY FERTILIZATION FAILURE EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH

FERTILIZATION FAILURE ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 15 PER CENT OF REPRODUCTIVE WASTAGE IN NORMAL COWS. IN REPEAT BREEDER COWS THE FERTILIZATION FAILURE MAY BE HIGHER AROUND 28-44 PER CENT.

Fertilization failures may be due to Abnormalities in ovulation Anovulation Delayed ovulation Defective ovum Ageing of ovum- aged ova are viable only for few hours Inability of sperm to fertilize ovum Fertility of bull High sperm abnormality Low sperm motility Inflammation of genital tract Very early AI

Inability of the gamates to reach one another due to congenital and acquired defects of the genital tract Congenital defects - segmental aplasia

ACQUIRED DEFECTS - OVAROBURSAL ADHESIONS FAILURE OF OVA PICK-UP

HYDROSALPHINX

Cystic ovary Follicular Cyst and Hydrosalpinx.

TUBAL BLOCK- PSP DYE TEST

EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH Accounts for 25% of reproductive wastage. Major portion of embryonic death occurs between days 8 and 19 after breeding Most embryo death occurs before the critical stage of pregnancy recognition and the cow will return to estrus at the normal 18-25 days interval

Early embryonic death may be due to Cytogenic abnormalities Critical requirement for embryo survival is the presence of a normal complement of chromosomes. Chromosomal aberrations-abnormal karyotypes play a role in early embryo loss

Unfavourable uterine environment Uterine environment can be affected by Nutrition Age of dam Ambient temperature Hormonal imbalance Infections Rectal examination Vaginal speculum White side test Endometrial cytology Endometrial biopsy

Repeat breeding-Treatment Bring the animal into +ve balance Additional concentrate ,greens Mineral supplemen Check the semen quality. Use only high quality semen

Timing of AI Spin Brackiet test Repeat AI TREATMENT Timing of AI Spin Brackiet test Repeat AI

Delayed ovulation Estrus length -6-24hrs Shorter in indigenous Longer in exotic Prolonged Estrus

TREATMENT 100 g of GnRH (20 g of GnRH analouge) OR 1000-1500 IU of LH at the time of AI 500 mg of depot progesterone on 5th day after AI or 1000-1500 IU of LH/GnRH on 6th day of cycle Skip AI, adm.PGF2 after 9-10 days and do fixed time AI at 72 and 96 hrs CIDR, ear implant or PRID application and fixed time AI twice at 48 and 72 hours

PROSTAGLANDINS Prostaglandin F2a and its analogues Cause functional and morphological regression of CL Estrus two to three days following inj.

21 Day Estrous cycle Approx. 12 days Functional CL 21 Day estrous Responsive 21 Day estrous Cycle Approx. 12 days Functional CL 21 Day Estrous cycle Not Responsive Approx. 4-5 Days Dev. CL Approx. 4-5 Days Reg. CL

PRODUCTS ADMINISTRATION Cloprostenol (Estrumate) - synthetic analog. Dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse) - synthetic PG F2a similar to the natural product in the body. Tiaprost (illiren) – synthetic analogue ADMINISTRATION Intra muscular route Natural PGF2a - 25 mg Synthetic analog - 0.5 mg Intra vulval sub mucosal route Natural PGF2a - 10 mg Synthetic analog - 0.2 mg Both routes are effective and have been found to give good conception rate.

CL regression and Follicle maturation The Ovsynch protocol D 7 D 9 D10 D 0 PGF2 a GnRH AI GnRH 7 d 2 d Synchronized Ovulation Induced ovulation New follicle growth CL regression and Follicle maturation GnRH-Receptal -2.5ml or 10µg I/M PGF2 a-Lutalyse – 5 ml or 25 mg I/M

Conclusions Control of uterine infections Correct negative energy balance Correct timing of Aritificial insemination Assure quality of semen