First Five  Name two parts of the plant male reproductive structure.  What does the pistil consists of?  What does the fruit represent?  After male pollination, how does the male gamete reach the ovule?

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Human Reproduction

Think About it- Human Reproduction  What was needed to create you?  Where are such cells produced?  How does the fetus develop?

Sexual Reproduction in Humans: Three Stages –production of gametes eggs in females sperm in males gametes are haploid: have a single set of chromosomes (DNA) –fertilization joining of gametes fusing of the nuclei of the gametes –zygote the new, fused cell diploid: has pairs of chromosomes (DNA)

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Male Reproductive System Sperm Duct Scrotum

Male Reproductive System testes –located inside scrotum –production of sperm (male gametes) –production of male hormones scrotum –sacs of skin where testes are located –keep testes from getting overheated sperm ducts –carry sperm from testes, through glands, to urethra

Male Reproductive System prostate gland –production and secretion of nutrient-rich fluid –fluid joins with sperm to form semen urethra –tube inside penis that moves either urine or semen penis –excretion of urine –movement of semen

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Female Reproductive System

Ovaries –production of eggs (female gametes) Oviducts –also called Fallopian tubes –lead from ovaries to uterus –not directly connected to ovaries

Female Reproductive System Uterus –thick-walled muscular bag with soft lining –location of baby development Cervix –narrow opening of uterus Vagina –muscular tube leading from cervix to outside of woman’s body

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Male & Female Gametes Eggs: relatively large do not move much begin to develop before birth at birth, a girl has thousands of immature eggs

Male & Female Gametes Sperm: relatively small actively move produced from puberty on

Fertilization

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M ENSTRUAL C YCLE

Menstrual Cycle Beginning at puberty –Immature eggs mature inside the ovaries –Once mature, an egg will be released from the ovary –Usually only one mature egg is released per month

Menstrual Cycle The full cycle is about 28 days long The cycle involves –loss of the uterus lining Day 1 Beginning of bleeding –re-growth of the uterus lining Day 5 Bleeding has usually stopped An egg begins to mature in the ovary maturation and release of an egg cell On day 14, the egg is released The egg travels through the oviduct Pregnancy, if the cell is fertilized Menstrual cycle stops during pregnancy Loss of the uterus lining, if the egg is not fertilized The cycle begins again

From Fertilization to Zygote to Implantation

Pathway for Fertilization

Fertilization

Path of Zygote

Cleavage of Human Embryo

From Fertilization to Implantation After fertilization, the embryo travels through the oviduct, into the uterus. The embryo will implant in the wall of the uterus.

Implantation

Implantation and After Two key events after implantation of the embryo in the uterine wall are: –Differentiation of cells –Development of the placenta and amnion

Cellular Differentiation The changing of unspecialized embryonic cells into the specialized cells, tissues and organs of a multicellular animal

Cellular Differentiation

Development of Placenta and Amnion Placenta –an organ made of tissues from both the mother and embryo –Allows for exchange of both nutrients and waste between the mother and embryo –Exchange happens through villi

Placenta

Villi finger-like projections that increase the surface area for absorption similar to the villi in the small intestine

Blood Flow in the Placenta Oxygenated blood enters the placenta through the mother’s artery. Oxygen and nutrients move freely in placenta and pass to the villi by diffusion Oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the baby through the umbilical vein Carbon dioxide and wastes are returned to the placenta by the umbilical arteries

Development of Placenta and Amnion Amnion –A strong membrane that surrounds the developing embryo/fetus –Secretes amniotic fluid A fluid that helps support and protect the developing embryo/fetus Amnion

Checkpoint  In your notebooks  Name the steps that lead up to implantation

FROM IMPLANTATION TO BIRTH Let’s see what you know In your current seating arrangement groups, match the scientific vocab to the correct arrow.