Active Shooter Captain Donald Lang

Training Objectives Define various shooting situations Define various shooting situations List measures that can be employed to reduce the effectiveness of an active shooter List measures that can be employed to reduce the effectiveness of an active shooter Describe actions that can be expected from responding law enforcement officers Describe actions that can be expected from responding law enforcement officers Safety tips Safety tips

Shooting Situations Barricaded Suspect Barricaded Suspect Hostage Situations Hostage Situations Active Shooter Active Shooter

Barricaded Suspect Normally a criminal suspect with known or unknown violent potential that has barricaded themselves alone in a structure and refused to surrender Normally a criminal suspect with known or unknown violent potential that has barricaded themselves alone in a structure and refused to surrender Ample time for detailed planning and negotiations Ample time for detailed planning and negotiations Person(s) are normally armed and there is potential for a transition to an active shooter or hostage situation Person(s) are normally armed and there is potential for a transition to an active shooter or hostage situation

Hostage Situation Similar to barricaded suspect(s) situation with the addition of innocent persons being held against their will Similar to barricaded suspect(s) situation with the addition of innocent persons being held against their will Provide time for detailed planning and negotiations Provide time for detailed planning and negotiations Hostage situations can develop from active shooter situations or have great potential to develop into them Hostage situations can develop from active shooter situations or have great potential to develop into them

Active Shooter One or more suspects who, as law enforcement respond to the scene, are actively killing or causing serious, life-threatening bodily injury to multiple victims. The overriding objective of the suspect(s) appears to be that of mass murder, rather than other criminal conduct such as robbery or hostage-taking One or more suspects who, as law enforcement respond to the scene, are actively killing or causing serious, life-threatening bodily injury to multiple victims. The overriding objective of the suspect(s) appears to be that of mass murder, rather than other criminal conduct such as robbery or hostage-taking Threat is not contained and there is immediate risk of death and injury Threat is not contained and there is immediate risk of death and injury Considered the greatest threat Considered the greatest threat Leaves little or no time for proper planning and requires law enforcement to take immediate action Leaves little or no time for proper planning and requires law enforcement to take immediate action These situations may develop into hostage situations upon the arrival of law enforcement These situations may develop into hostage situations upon the arrival of law enforcement

Active ShooterDetails  Usually active shooter incidents are over quickly. Most incidents last 5-10 minutes or less. The Virginia Tech shooting lasted 11 minutes where he fired 174 shots (32 killed 17 wounded).  Almost all active shooters have been males.  Mental Health issues  Preplanning by the shooters

Mentality of Active Shooter Desire is to kill and seriously injure without concern for their safety or threat of capture Desire is to kill and seriously injure without concern for their safety or threat of capture May have intended victims and searches them out May have intended victims and searches them out Accepts targets of opportunity while searching for or after finding intended victims Accepts targets of opportunity while searching for or after finding intended victims Will continue to move throughout the building/area until stopped by law enforcement, suicide, or other intervention Will continue to move throughout the building/area until stopped by law enforcement, suicide, or other intervention Shooters mentality is not escape. The goal is to kill and injure Shooters mentality is not escape. The goal is to kill and injure There is no “typical profile” for active shooters There is no “typical profile” for active shooters

Work Place Shootings  36 percent of workplace shooters were current employees  28 percent were former employees  11 percent were retirees  19 percent were family members  6 percent were others

Active Shooter If you are in an office environment, stay there and secure the door If you are in an office environment, stay there and secure the door If the door has no lock, attempt to block the door as much as you can or place a door wedge hard under the doorway If the door has no lock, attempt to block the door as much as you can or place a door wedge hard under the doorway If the door has a window, cover it if you can If the door has a window, cover it if you can Attempt to rescue others outside should only be made if it can be done without endangering the persons inside the secure area Attempt to rescue others outside should only be made if it can be done without endangering the persons inside the secure area

Active Shooter There is another school of thought which is to: Evacuate Hide/Lock down Fight Back

Hide/Lock down Everyone remain calm and quiet Everyone remain calm and quiet Lock/Barricade the door(s) Lock/Barricade the door(s) Get out of sight from the door (closet, restroom) Get out of sight from the door (closet, restroom) Turn all lights off Turn all lights off Turn your cell phones to vibrate Turn your cell phones to vibrate You are trying to make it appear the room is vacant You are trying to make it appear the room is vacant

Active Shooter - In the Hallways Get in a room that is not already secured and secure it Get in a room that is not already secured and secure it Unless you’re close to an exit, don’t run through a long hall to get to one, you may encounter the gunmen or hostage taker. Unless you’re close to an exit, don’t run through a long hall to get to one, you may encounter the gunmen or hostage taker. Restrooms are a last resort, unless it can be locked Restrooms are a last resort, unless it can be locked

Contacting Emergency Personnel Emergency 911 Emergency 911 What to Report What to Report Your specific location Your specific location Number of people at your specific location Number of people at your specific location Injuries Injuries Shooter information (location, number of shooters, race, gender, clothing color and style, physical features, type of weapons, backpack, have you heard any explosions separate from gunshots?) Shooter information (location, number of shooters, race, gender, clothing color and style, physical features, type of weapons, backpack, have you heard any explosions separate from gunshots?)

Law Enforcement Role The goal is to buy us the time to get to the incident. The goal is to buy us the time to get to the incident. Law enforcement are trained to deal with the situation. The FCSO has been trained in the Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training (ALERRT) Law enforcement are trained to deal with the situation. The FCSO has been trained in the Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training (ALERRT) Law enforcements primary objective will be to confront the shooter and neutralize the threat Law enforcements primary objective will be to confront the shooter and neutralize the threat

Law Enforcement Response Law Enforcement Response Law enforcement's goal is to locate, contain, and neutralize the threat Law enforcement's goal is to locate, contain, and neutralize the threat Everyone in the building may be considered a suspect Everyone in the building may be considered a suspect When law enforcement personnel makes contact with you, do not run towards them When law enforcement personnel makes contact with you, do not run towards them Keep your hands visible and respond to their commands Keep your hands visible and respond to their commands Law enforcement personnel may engage anyone that is armed or moves on them in what can be perceived as an aggressive manner Law enforcement personnel may engage anyone that is armed or moves on them in what can be perceived as an aggressive manner If you are near the threat when law enforcement personnel enter, drop to floor in a prone position and stay there, with your hands visible until instructed to get up. If you are near the threat when law enforcement personnel enter, drop to floor in a prone position and stay there, with your hands visible until instructed to get up. Remember, law enforcement personnel are entering a chaotic scene with conflicting information Remember, law enforcement personnel are entering a chaotic scene with conflicting information

Law Enforcement Response Injured Persons Injured Persons Initial responding law enforcement personnel will not treat the injured or begin evacuation until the threat is neutralized Initial responding law enforcement personnel will not treat the injured or begin evacuation until the threat is neutralized You will need to explain this to others in an attempt to calm them You will need to explain this to others in an attempt to calm them Once the threat is neutralized, emergency personnel will begin treatment and evacuation Once the threat is neutralized, emergency personnel will begin treatment and evacuation Evacuation Evacuation The building will have to be cleared and declared safe. This may be time consuming The building will have to be cleared and declared safe. This may be time consuming Remain in secure areas until instructed otherwise Remain in secure areas until instructed otherwise You may be searched. Leave your personal belongings You may be searched. Leave your personal belongings You will be escorted out of the building by law enforcement personnel You will be escorted out of the building by law enforcement personnel The building/area is then a major crime scene The building/area is then a major crime scene

Safety Tips Take ownership of making sure your location is safe Take ownership of making sure your location is safe Be aware of your surroundings (e.g. location of exits, doorways, evacuation procedures etc…) Be aware of your surroundings (e.g. location of exits, doorways, evacuation procedures etc…) Report suspicious persons/activity to your local law enforcement agency immediately Report suspicious persons/activity to your local law enforcement agency immediately Consider training exercise Consider training exercise Awareness, Planning, Practice Awareness, Planning, Practice

Work Place Shootings  36 percent of workplace shooters were current employees  28 percent were former employees  11 percent were retirees  19 percent were family members  6 percent were others

Work Place Shooting 75% of active shooters direct relation (current, former or retiree) 75% of active shooters direct relation (current, former or retiree) 19% of active shooters have indirect relation (family member of current, former or retiree) 19% of active shooters have indirect relation (family member of current, former or retiree) 6% random 6% random

Human Resourse Responsibility Conduct effective employee screenings & background checks Conduct effective employee screenings & background checks Create system of reporting signs of potential violent behavior Create system of reporting signs of potential violent behavior Make counseling services available Make counseling services available Develop policies & procedures for active shooter situation Develop policies & procedures for active shooter situation Coordinate with facility manager (physical security) Coordinate with facility manager (physical security)

Discussion and Questions

Robbery Prevention Measures In Workplace Check security equipment Check security equipment Don’t discuss cash levels or security procedures outside work environment Don’t discuss cash levels or security procedures outside work environment Be alert of suspicious persons (loitering) Be alert of suspicious persons (loitering) Report suspicious activity to supervisor Report suspicious activity to supervisor

During Robbery Remain calm Remain calm Comply with robbers instructions Comply with robbers instructions If safe to do so, activate alarm or call 911 If safe to do so, activate alarm or call 911 Be good witness Be good witness

After Robbery After robber has exited, immediately call 911 After robber has exited, immediately call 911 Close and secure office doors Close and secure office doors Preserve evidence Preserve evidence Each employee should write down what they saw and heard Each employee should write down what they saw and heard

Counterfeit Currency Don’t return counterfeit currency to passer Don’t return counterfeit currency to passer Contact law enforcement and delay passer if possible Contact law enforcement and delay passer if possible Become good witness Become good witness Limited handling of suspected counterfeit bill Limited handling of suspected counterfeit bill

Judge by Touching Authentic money made from cotton & linen fibers Authentic money made from cotton & linen fibers Durable & feel crisp Durable & feel crisp Slight raised ink Slight raised ink

Thickness of Bill Genuine money thinner than counterfeit money Genuine money thinner than counterfeit money

Compare Ensure same denomination and series Ensure same denomination and series

Judge by Sight Counterfeit bills tend to have relative flatness Counterfeit bills tend to have relative flatness Lack detail Lack detail Blurry areas around border Blurry areas around border Real currency have tiny red & blue embedded fibers Real currency have tiny red & blue embedded fibers

Look at Border Outside border of real money should be clear and unbroken Outside border of real money should be clear and unbroken Saw-tooth points of border should be sharp and well defined Saw-tooth points of border should be sharp and well defined Look for bleeding ink Look for bleeding ink

Example

Observe Portrait On counterfeit bill portrait dull or blurred On counterfeit bill portrait dull or blurred Portrait tends to stand out on real bill, counterfeit portrait coloring blends too much Portrait tends to stand out on real bill, counterfeit portrait coloring blends too much

Example

Examine Serial Numbers Compare color of serial numbers to Treasury Seal Compare color of serial numbers to Treasury Seal If receiving multiple suspicious bills, compare serial numbers If receiving multiple suspicious bills, compare serial numbers

Example

Example

Observe Security Features Hold bill up to light should see security thread Hold bill up to light should see security thread Printing says USA followed denomination Printing says USA followed denomination Read inscription from both sides of bill Read inscription from both sides of bill

Check Watermark Bear image of portrait Bear image of portrait Visible from both sides of bill Visible from both sides of bill

Example

Captain Donald Lang Frederick County Sheriff’s Office 1080 Coverstone Drive Winchester, Virginia (540) (540)