Oxidation (thermal and light-catalyzed) Hydrolysis (ester backbone polymers) Loss of polymer components (e.g. plasticizer) Stable (incl. outdoor) Poly(methyl.

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Presentation transcript:

Oxidation (thermal and light-catalyzed) Hydrolysis (ester backbone polymers) Loss of polymer components (e.g. plasticizer) Stable (incl. outdoor) Poly(methyl methacrylate) Bisphenol polycarbonate Poly (vinyl fluoride) Scratch-resistant coating Sensitive to UV Aromatic polyurethanes (aliphatic more stable) Sensitive to Oxidation Polyolefins Stabilizers

General Mechanism of Oxidation Chain Reaction Backbiting in Polymers

General mode of action – formation of weak radicals Examples 1. Aromatic amines (most active) R – aliphatic/aromatic Electron delocalization stabilizes radicals Disadvantages: staining antioxidants

2. Hindered phenols Disadvantages: good for gasoline, too volatile for use in plastics

Higher molecular weight hindered phenols Nitrogen-containing phenols (more effective) Dinitriles

-Contain S(II), S(IV), P(III) - Act differently than antioxidants - Synergetic with antioxidants, used together

Propylenediamine - Work by metal sequestration Salpn EDTA Citric Acid

-Encapsulation of electroluminescent polymers on resins -Addition of carbon black as a pigment -UV screening agents

Natural phenols from plants (rosemary, black papper, buckweat, peanut halls) Vitamin E Plant flavanoids (epigallocatechin gallate)

What are lubricants? What is their function? When lubricants are not needed: -Bearings suspended by pressurized gas -Nylon and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon ©) polymers Substances used as lubricants or lubricant alternatives -Carbon-graphite -Polymer cross-linking improves abrasion resistance -Silicon oil -Zirconium particles -MbS 2 -WS 2

-Coatings of polyurethane rubber, ultralight polyethylene (metal surfaces) -Making surface harder (cross-linked coatings) - Layer of silica or titania -High energy ion irradiation of polyethylene, nylon, polystyrene, etc -Diamond coating (vapor deposition)