Cavitation engine steam technology CONTROLLED CAVITATION ENERGY STEAM generation (CCES) Cavitation energy systems, llc.

On demand boilerless steam generation Why steam? Extremely useful working fluid. Used to generate 90% of world’s power Co-generation: power and heating (CHP - combined heat and power) Tri-generation: power, heating & absorption cooling.

What causes cavitation and how we capture the heat energy released Cavitation, the process of vaporization, bubble generation and bubble implosion in a flowing liquid is used as the underlying process within the Cavitation Engine. Modern diesel injectors are designed to enhance cavitation in the fuel being injected into combustion chambers. In the case of the cavitation engine, water is used instead of diesel fuel. The injected water volume collides with the impact chamber wall at a very high velocity. Instantaneous pressures occur which collapse the cavitation bubbles within the water droplets. Cavitation bubbles have the remarkable ability to focus intense energy and forces during their collapse. The resulting heat energy contributes to the continuous creation of superheat steam within the impact and expansion chambers.

THE ENERGY OF CAVITATION Collapsing cavitation bubbles release enormous heat energy. Cavitation routinely damages machinery and is an unwanted side effect. Observation of light pulses emitted by collapsing cavitation bubbles revealed unexpectedly extreme conditions within the collapsing bubble cores. Temperatures in excess of 30,000K (5 times hotter than the surface of the sun) have been measured directly and even higher Temperatures (in millions degrees K) have been inferred (Flannigan & Suslick, 2010). Cavitation damage is most commonly observed in rotating machinery, impellers, propellers and turbines. Significant engineering resources have been applied towards eliminating this type of damage; however until now, there has never been a practical way of harnessing this energy.

FUEL INJECTORS & CAVITATION Flow inside injection system and the nozzle is highly unsteady and cavitating Ejection fraction is saturated with cavitation bubbles Computational Fluid Dynamic software (CFD).

What happens when the ejection fraction collides with the impact chamber surface The gas bubble in the expanding cloud of injector vapor collides with the Surface geometry of the impact chamber The impact chamber is very close to the output of the injector The cloud of bubbles within the water droplet, impacts the surface of the impact chamber normal to its surface. At the moment of impact, the droplet experiences a shockwave with a rapidly moving shock front. Computed and observed water hammer pressures, within the droplet, on the order of 45,000 psi, collapses these bubbles, releasing energy. Super computing record with bubble collapse simulation

Impact chamber detail 12 – Modified Diesel Injector 13 – Impact Chamber Outer Shell 14 – Pressure Regulating Valve 15 – Immersion Thermocouple Probe 20 – Washer Gasket 21 – Injector Retention Block 22 – Ceramic injector insulator block 25 – Ceramic Insulator Block 36 – O-ring seal

HoW the system works 1 – High Pressure Manifold 12 – Modified Diesel Injector 13 – Impact Chamber Outer 14 – Pressure Regulating Valve 16 - Heater 21 – Injector Retention Block 22 – Ceramic Insulation 25 – Impact Insulator Block High pressure (20000 – 25000 psi) water enters the manifold (1) and is injected at varying rates into the impact chamber. Upon impact the water is heated and completely converted to steam at the temperature of the impact chamber. The steam is released when the pressure exceeds the pressure relief valve setting (14).

Controlling cavitation is the key to our energy future No commercial inventions exist that functionally harness cavitation CCES is the only system capable of instantaneously producing steam on demand with significantly less energy than conventional Rankine Cycle heating Cavitation is the only way to generates these temperatures short of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) CCES is the only steam based system which creates a usable source of energy through a mechanical process rather than internal or external combustion. CCES uses just recently available modern technologies which are financially viable (ie. Common rail piezo injectors, computer controllers, ultra high pressure pumps, carbon fiber and ceramics) CCES impacts almost every aspect of modern living. Power generation, transportation, desalination, heating, refrigeration, shipping, etc.

CCES and power generation Banks of Impact chamber arrays, under central control, are combined to produce steam sufficient to operate the Vengeance Power rotary expander turbine. The Vengeance expander turbine will drive a 1.5 MW generator.

CES driven power generator 1 MWh Expander using 9,400 Lbs of steam/hour at 600 psi and 750 Degree Super Heat Designed to run at 300 rpm and overdrive 5 to 1 to turn a 1MWh generator at 1500 RPM for 50 hz

Combined heat and power (CHP) Combined heat and power (CHP) or co-generation is the simultaneous production of both power and heat from a single fuel source. By making use of the waste heat from on-site electricity production for heating or cooling, CHP reduces energy costs. CES/DEARMAN SOLUTION Groups of 1 – 3 MW generators driven by ces steam source Onsite Electricity used for datacenter IT operation and cooling Exhaust heat used for absorption chillers for additional datacenter cooling