Chapter 3: Genes, Culture, and Adaptation The Red Queen

Why Sex? -Men are Genetic Freeloaders

Why Sex? -Men are Genetic Freeloaders

Planet size piece of food. –The Red Queen Theory Striking a balance between genetic variability and function Universality of designs and- interchangeable parts Human genetic variability More genetic variability within populations than between populations

Population 1 Population 2 Number of Individuals Distance Between Pops Genetic Variation in Common

Population 1 Population 2 Number of Individuals Distance Between Pops Genetic Variation in Common

Population 1 Population 2 Number of Individuals Distance Between Pops Genetic Variation in Common

Physical Measurements (combined classes) What: Heights, Weights, limb and digit length Why? –Differences and Similarities Between Populations Adaptations to different environments –Phenotypic plasticity –Selection (Natural or Sexual) –Differences and Similarities Within Populations Access to resources –Status –Abilities

Types of Adaptation Genetic –Natural or Sexual Selection –Allen’s rule –Genetic tracking (the spear thrower and the archer) –Disease Resistance Mutation and HIV resistance HIV immunity –Malaria and Balanced Polymorphism Sickle cell and malaria

Evolutionary Medicine –Last Assignment –Pleiotropy Thrifty Gene theory (Neal) Senescence a byproduct or is there another reason - “Programmed Death” (telomeres)?

Physiological Adaptation Adaptive response to environmental factors Last as long as the individual is exposed to the environmental factor Shivering – to maintain body temperature (homeostasis) Altitude changes –Volume of Blood –More vascularization

Developmental Adaptation –Changes that occur during childhood development –Last a lifetime –Height

Cultural Adaptation Coca chewing Shelters Clothing Etc.