1 A WDM Passive Optical Network Architecture for Multicasting Services 研 究 生：林澤賢 指導教授：吳和庭博士 能支援群播服務之分波多工被動式光 纖網路的架構

2 Outline Motivations Backgrounds A novel WDM Passive Optical Network Architecture The Proposed Multicast Algorithm Simulation results Scalability problem Conclusions Future works

3 Motivations Network Environments  Combined PSC and AWG  WDM Passive Optical Network Downstream  Multicast Transmission  Unicast Transmission To Design a Multicast Scheduling Algorithm  Simple  Efficient

4 Backgrounds Optical Devices  PSC  AWG Passive Optical Networks  TDM PON  WDM PON  SUCCESS-DWA PON

5 Optical Device-PSC The Passive Star Couple is a passive multiport device Wavelengths launched onto any input port are broadcast to every output port

6 Optical Device-PSC The PSC is the preferred device to single- hop WDM networks  broadcast-and-select single-hop WDM network  TDM PON Advantages  Broadcast signal  Low cost Disadvantages  Power loss  Do not wavelength spatial reused

7 Optical Device-AWG The AWG is passive wavelength routing device The same wavelength into any input port are routed to different output port This period of the wavelength response is called free spectral range (FSR)

8 The application of AWG device

9 Optical Device-AWG Advantages  Static wavelength routing  Wavelength spatial reused  No power loss Disadvantages  No broadcast channel

10 Passive Optical Network In a PON, all components between the end users and the central office (CO) are passive, such as optical fibers and couplers  TDM PON  WDM PON  SUCCESS-DWA PON

11 The TDM PON In a Time-Division-Multiplexing PON, end users share the bandwidth in time domain In the CO, an optical line terminal (OLT) transmits the downstream traffic to optical network unit (ONU) and manages the upstream traffic flows from the ONUs

12 The TDM PON

13 The WDM PON What’s is Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing  At the same time, a single fiber can carry Independent data streams on different wavelengths WDM PONs create point-to-point links between the CO and end user, no shared wavelength Advantages  High Capacity  Scalable

14 SUCCESS-DWA PON Architecture

15 Functional diagrams of the OLT and ONU

16 Proposed WDM Passive Optical Network Architecture Downstream – Splitter Upstream – Combiner

17 Downstream mode OLT use four tunable lasers to transmit control message on control channel or data packet on any wavelength Each ONU consists of a tunable receiver which allow them to receive control message on a control channel (or data on any wavelength) The multicast packet is received by the ONUs attached to the corresponding splitter Each splitter equally distributes all incoming wavelengths to all attached receivers.

18 Downstream mode

19 TL Timing Structure Each TL transmits control message which corresponded to the ONUs of the same AWG output port in the control time Each TL transmits data packet to reach all ONUs attached to the same AWG output port in the data time A control packet consists of three fields, destination address, wavelength, and offset time

20 TL Timing Structure

21 Functional Diagrams of the OLT and ONU - Downstream mode

22 Functional Diagrams of the OLT and ONU - Downstream mode Dispatch Mechanism  Sequential  Random  Short Queue First The Criteria for whether to Partition Multicast Packets depend on  Multiple AWG Outputs ?  Receiver Collision ?

23 The Proposed Multicast Algorithm An All-Out Packet Is Defined to Be a Queued HOL Packet with All of Its Intended Recipients Free and at the same AWG output port in the Scheduling Time

24 The scenario of multicast algorithm The HOL packet of Queue 1 is all-out packet

25 Simulation Parameters (Unicast) The parameters are N = 64 ONUs The Tunable laser TLs = 4 Packet generation follows the Poisson arrival process Mean arrival rate = 0.48~4.32 packets/slot Bandwidth = 1Gbps Packet Size = 1518 bytes Time slot = 12 us The Simulation during slot time TDM  Four-TDM-PON DWA  SUCCESS-DWA PON

26 Unicast – Average Packet Delay Average packet delay defined as the average time from the generation of a packet until the completion of the multicast transmission

27 Simulation Parameters (Multicast) Packet generation follows the Poisson arrival process Mean arrival rate = 0.12~2.28 packets/slot Bandwidth = 1Gbps The time slot = 12us Packet size = 1518 bytes The destination nodes of a multicast packet are randomly selected among all ONU Mean multicast throughput is defined to be the mean number of All-Out packets in the average time slot

28 Simulation Parameters 系統參數說明代表符號 Number of TLs OLT 之可調式發射器個數 TL Number of ONUs ONU 之個數 ONU Mean Multicast Size 平均群播封包的大小 E[S] D x D AWG AWG 的輸入與輸出端的個數 AWG 網路架構說明 DWASUCCESS-DWA PON PONShort Queue First of WDM PON

29 Simulation Results (Multicast) Comparison with different PON

30 Simulation Results (Multicast) Comparison with different Mean multicast size E[S]

31 Scalability Problem Expanding ONUs Expanding TLs of the OLT Comparisons with different AWG ports  4 x 4 AWG port  8 x 8 AWG port

32 Expanding ONU

33 Expand TL of the OLT (1/2)

34 Expand TL of the OLT (2/2)

35 Simulation results

36 Conclusions Proposed The Multicast Scheduling Mechanism for WDM Passive Optical Network Compare our proposed WDM PON with SUCCESS-DWA PON Scalability problem Study  ONU  FSR

37 Future works Keep solving the scalability problem The upstream issue Compare with the AWG based Single- Hop WDM network and our proposed WDM network architecture

38 THE END

39 Reference Ho-Ting Wu, Po-Hsin Hong, and Kai-Wei Ke, “On the Multicast Scheduling Mechanisms for Interconnected WDM Optical Network”, IEEE GLOBECOM 2003 Martin Maiser, Michael Scheutzow, and Martin Reisslein, “The Arrayed-Waveguide Grating-Based Single-Hop WDM Network: An Architecture for Efficient Multicasting”, Select Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal, November 2003 Yu-Li Hsueh, Matthew S. Rogge, Wei-Tao Shaw, and Leonid G. Kazovsky, “SUCCESS-DWA: A Highly Scalable and Cost- Effective Optical Access Network”, IEEE Optical Communication August 2004 Glen Kramer and Gerry Pesavento, “Ethernet Passive Optical Access Network (EPON): Building a Next-Generation Optical Access Network”, IEEE Communications Magazine February 2002

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42 TL Timing Structure

43 Unicast – Average Queue length Average Queue length defined as the average queue size of the queues in the average time slot

44 Introduction Optical devices  Passive star couple vs. Arrayed-waveguide grating Passive Optical Network  TDM PON vs. WDM PON  SUCCESS-DWA PON  Our proposed WDM PON The proposed downstream multicast algorithm  Receiver collision  Partition Scalability problem  Expand ONUs  Expand TLs and AWG