THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE WEATHER INITIATIVE (A FOLLOW-ON TO THE INTERNATIONAL HELIOPHYSICAL YEAR) February May 2009 Joseph Davila, Barbara Thompson, Nat Gopalswamy (GSFC) Tom Bogdan (NOAA-SWPC), and Mike Hapgood (RAL)

IHY ( IHY Objectives Develop the basic science of heliophysics through cross- disciplinary studies of universal processes. Determine the response of terrestrial and planetary magnetospheres and atmospheres to external drivers. Promote research on the Sun-heliosphere system outward to the local interstellar medium - the new frontier. Foster international scientific cooperation in the study of heliophysical phenomena now and in the future. Preserve the history and legacy of the IGY on its 50th Anniversary. Communicate unique IHY results to the scientific community and the general public.

IHY ( IHY Participation 71 countries with National committees

IHY ( IHY Participation UNBSS –17 Distributed instrument observatory programs – 5 New data analysis programs for space data

IHY ( IHY Research Participation 200 Observatories 65 Coordinated Investigation Plans (CIPs) Thousands of scientists

IHY ( Four Elements of the IHY Program 1.Science of Universal Processes –Coordinated Investigation Programs (CIPs) Scientific Research 2.Distributed small instrument program –New observational capability 3.Education, outreach –Promoting space science 4.IGY History preservation –Preserving the history of space physics Science HistoryOutreach Distributed Instruments See website at for more information.

Public Outreach Documentary released on historic US-Libya eclipse collaboration “Science Eclipses Politics” (EOS) and other articles published Open Doors day Traveling exhibits in Germany and France Summer schools in US, Europe, Asia, South America IHY (

IHY Gold IHY ( 197 IHY Gold Certificates have been handed out to IGY participants Recipients include Alan Shapley, James Van Allen And Prince Philip in the UK Special meeting organized in India Preserving the history of the IGY

Space Weather

Develop the scientific insight necessary to understand the science, and to reconstruct and forecast near-Earth space weather –Instrumentation and data analysis Expand and continue deployment of new and existing instrument arrays Expand data analysis effort for instrument arrays and existing data bases –Coordinate data products to provide input for physical modeling (Joint with other more extensive modeling efforts) Input instrument array data into physical models of heliospheric processes Develop data products that reconstruct past conditions in order to facilitate assessment of problems attributed to space weather effects –Coordinate data products to allow predictive relationships to be developed(Joint with Space Weather prediction organizations) Develop data products to allow predictive relationships that enable the forecasting of Space Weather to be established Develop data products that can easily be assimilated into real-time or near real-time predictive models Education –University and Graduate Schools Encourage and support space science courses and curricula in Universities that provide instrument support –Public Outreach Develop public outreach materials unique to the ISWI, and coordinate the distribution ISWI Objectives

Principles of the Instrument Program The lead scientist or principle investigator funded by his/her country provides instrumentation (or fabrication plans) and data distribution The host country provides the workforce, facilities, and operational support typically at a local university. Host scientists become part of science team All data and data analysis activity is shared All scientists participate in publications and scientific meetings where possible

Current Instrument Arrays (May 2009) IDID INSTRUMENTLead ScientistCoun try Objective 1Scintillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA) K. Groves (Hanscom AFRL) USAStudy equatorial ionospheric disturbances to aid in the specification and prediction of communications degradation due to ionospheric scintillation in the Earth's equatorial region 2Coherent Ionospheric Doppler Radar (CIDR) T. Garner (U Texas) USATo tomographically reconstruct the ionosphere and to provide input to data assimilation models 3Atmospheric Weather Education System for Observation and Modeling of Effects (AWESOME ) and Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance monitor (SID) U. Inan D. Scherrer (U Stanford) USALightning, sprites, elves, relation to terrestrial gamma ray flashes, whistler induced electron precipitation, conjugate studies 4Remote Equatorial Nighttime Observatory for Ionospheric Regions (RENOIR) J. Makela (U Illinois) USAStudy the equatorial/low-latitude ionosphere/thermosphere system, its response to storms, and the irregularities that can be present on a daily basis 5African GPS Receivers for Equatorial Electrodynamics Studies (AGREES) E. Yizengaw M. Moldwin (UCLA) USAUnderstand unique structures in equatorial ionosphere, low/mid latitude plasma production, effect of ionospheric and plasmaspheric irregularities on communications 6African Meridian B-field Education and Research (AMBER) M. Moldwin E. Yizengaw (UCLA) USAUnderstand low latitude electrodynamics, ULF pulsations, effect of Pc5 ULF on MeV electron population in inner radiation belts

Current Instrument Arrays (continued) IDINSTRUMENTLead Scientist CountryObjective 7Compound Astronomical Low-cost Low-frequency Instrument for Spectroscopy and Transportable Observatory (CALLISTO) A.Benz C. Monstein (ETH-Zentrum) Switzerla nd Study the magnetic activity of a wide range of astrophysical objects with emphasis on the Sun and cool stars 8South Atlantic Very Low frequency Network (SAVNET) J.-P. Raulin (U MacKenzie ) BrazilStudy of the SAMA region at low ionospheric altitudes and its structure and dynamics during geomagnetic perturbations 9Magnetic Data Acquisition System (MAGDAS) K. Yumoto (Kyushu U) JapanStudy of dynamics of geospace plasma changes during magnetic storms and auroral substorms, the electromagnetic response of iono-magnetosphere to various solar wind changes, and the penetration and propagation mechanisms of DP2-ULF range disturbances 10African Dual Frequency GPS Network C. Amory-Mazaudier nique.fr (CETP/CNRS) FranceTo increase the number of real-time dual- frequency GPS stations worldwide for the study of ionospheric variability, response of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) during geomagnetic storms over the African sector

Current Instrument Arrays (continued) 11Space Environmental Viewing and Analysis Network (SEVAN) A.Chillingarian (Aragats) ArmeniaA network of particle detectors that aims to improve fundamental research of the particle acceleration in the vicinity of the Sun and the space environment, as well as to provide forewarnings of dangerous consequences of space storms 12Global Muon Detector Network (GMDN) K. Munakata u.ac.jp (Shinsu U) JapanTo identify the precursory decrease of cosmic ray intensity that takes place more than one day prior to the Earth-arrival of shock driven by an interplanetary coronal mass ejection 13Continuous H-alpha Imaging Network (CHAIN) S. UeNo K. Shibata (Kyoto U) JapanSolar activity, flares, filaments, filament eruptions 14Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imager (OMTI) K. Shiokawa (Nagoya U) JapanDynamics of the upper atmosphere through nocturnal airglow emissions

What is Unique about ISWI? UN Endorsement –Opens new opportunities for collaboration in countries with little/no Space Physics by involving governments and Universities or National Labs –Encourages governmental response –Allows broad dissemination of information in 6 languages to 192 countries of the UN State Department involvement –Helps with import/export and technology issues –Help with Visas, security, logistics, etc.

Scientific Benefits By observing in new geographical regions, a more global picture of Earth’s response to various inputs can be obtained New and interesting global phenomena along the DIP equator and in other regions can be studied for the first time Arrays provide 3D information that can be used in tomographic reconstructions Long term these networks will provide real-time data valuable for forecasting and nowcasting

IHY ( Summary “… science is the most powerful means we have for the unification of knowledge, and a main obligation of its future must be to deal with problems which cut across boundaries, whether boundaries between the sciences, boundaries between nations, or boundaries between man’s scientific and his humane concern.” -- John F. Kennedy In: A Century of Scientific Conquest by John F. Kennedy, in The Scientific Endeavor, Centennial Celebration of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, 1963.