1 Service-Learning as a University-Wide Program: Rationale and issues Professor Edward K Y Chen Former President Lingnan University Hong Kong 陳坤耀 18 April 2008, Tunghai University Taichung, Taiwan

2 What is Service-Learning 1. Integrated with Curricula – Credit-bearing/part of Assessment 2. Equal importance of Processes and Outcomes 3. University-wide Participation (all Disciplines)

3 Rationale of Service-Learning Service-Learning Plays a vital Role in Liberal (Arts) Education Liberal (Arts) Education is the Key to Success in Today’s Creative Economy

4 A Creative Economy 創意經濟 Arises from 來自 1.Predominance of ICT 資訊與傳播科技的卓越 2.Rapid, Pervasive and Incremental Technological changes 快速、廣泛和漸進的技術革新

5 3.Economies of Scope over-riding Economies of Scale 函蓋經濟超越規模經濟 4.Globalization 全球化 5.De-industrialization 非工業化

6 Resulting in 結果是 1.The Importance of Creativity 創意經濟的重要性 2.The Importance of Adaptability 適應能力的重要性 3.The Decline of Traditional Industries and Emergence of New Services 傳統工業的沒落和新服務行業的興起

7 Competitive Advantage for A Creative Economy 創意經濟的競爭條件 Labour → Skills → Insights 勞動 → 技能 → 洞察力 Information → Knowledge → Wisdom 資訊 → 知識 → 智慧

8 Cannot be Taught 不能講授 Can only be Nurtured 只能孕育 Insight and Wisdom 洞察力和智慧

9 Implications for Education 對教育理念的啟示 1.Humanities and Sciences 文理兼備 2.Inter-disciplinary/Trans-disciplinary 課程跨學科 3. Processes more than Contents 過程比內容重要 4.Experience not Training 體驗而非訓練 5.Nurturing not Preaching 孕育而非傳授

10 The Expected Outcomes of Undergraduate Education 本科生教育的預期成果 NOT Specialists 不是專家 NOT Professionals 不是專業人士 NOT Technicians 不是技術人員 BUT People, Whole Persons 而是 人, 全人

11 The Role of Service-Learning Service-Learning is a major Teaching and Learning Instrument for the realization of these new Education Values and Outcomes

12 What Education for a Creative Economy? 怎樣的教育 ? Liberal Arts Education - The Gold Standard of Undergraduate Education 博雅教育 - 本科生教育的金漆招牌 Not Virtue Teaching 不是虛擬教學

13 A Paradox 似是而非 High-Tech Era 高科技年代 Low-Tech Teaching 低科技教學

14 Liberal Arts Education is defined by: The Distinctive Teaching and Learning Processes and not by The Subject Matters or Disciplines 博雅教育的定義是 ： 獨特的教與學過程而不是課程和科目

15 Liberal Arts Education 博雅教育 Specific Prerequisites 先決條件 Distinctive Teaching and Learning Processes and Environment 獨特教與學 過程和環境 U nparalleled Outcomes 不同的效果

16 Prerequisites 先決條件 Small Size ( students) 小而精 Residential (80%) and Campus Life 80% 學生入住大學宿舍 Student-orientation (Faculty, staff and resources) 學生為本

17 Characteristics 特點 Processes 過程 VsContents 內容 Experience 經驗 VsTraining 訓練 Know-why 原理 VsKnow-how 技能 Liberal Arts (Inter-disciplinarity) 博雅（跨學科） Vs General Education (Multi-disciplinarity) 通識 （多學科 ）

18 Liberal Arts Practices and Processes The Four “Is” 1.I ndividualization 學生個別化 Interactive and close student-student, student-faculty relationship 互動和緊密的師生關係 Small class teaching 小班教學 Directed research (Senior Thesis) 畢業論文 Involvement of undergraduates in research 本科生參與研究 Academic advisor, Mentor 導師及學長

19 2.I nterdisciplinarity 跨學科更重於多學科 in additional to multidisciplinarity Issue-based teaching and learning 以課題為基礎的教與學 Core curriculum with emphasis on reading and writing 重視閱讀與寫作的核心課程 Presentation, writing, narrative evaluations 表達、寫作、評述為評估方法

20 3.I ntra-curricular Activities 課內活動 Campus life 校園生活 Residence, student associations, teams, events Community service 社區服務 Service-learning 服務研習 Integrated Learning Program (ILP) 綜合學習課程

21 4.I nternational Exchange 國際交流 more than study abroad （ 非海外學習 ） Individualization 個別化 25% 33% 50% The 3 “Es” Experience, Exposure, Excitement 體驗, 視野, 興奮

22 The Outcomes of Liberal Arts Education 博雅教育的效果

23 The ABC of Liberal Arts Education 博雅教育的 ABC 1.Adaptability 適應能力 2.Brainpower 思考能力 3.Creativity 創造能力

24 The Skills of Liberal Arts Education 博雅教育的技能 Whole Person Skills 全人技能 Technical and Professional Skills 技術和專業技能 vs

25 The “Well-Rounded” Skills 博雅教育的全人技能 1.Cognitive Skills 認知能力 Life-long Learning 終身學習 2.Communication Skills 溝通能力 Languages 語言 3.Social and Life Skills 社交及生存能力 Sense of Community 群體意識

26 Factors for Success 1. Strong Support and Commitment of the Senior Management 2. University-Wide Endorsement with reference to Mission/Vision 3. Staff’s strong Commitment and Students’ active Participation

27 Factors for Success 4. A dedicated Service-Learning Office for promotion, liaising and co-ordination, matching, training, monitoring, research 5. Funding – Long-term commitments, Earmarked

28 Issues/Problems 1. Methods of Assessment and Evaluation 2. Identifying Interested and Effective Partners Local and International 3. Matching – Partners, Programs and Courses, Students 4. Monitoring and Ensuring Students’ participation and Progress Developing Code of Best Practice/Manuals/ Protocols

29 Contacts and Further Information Lingnan University, Hong Kong Office of Service-Learning Website: Coordinator: Dr. Carol Ma

30 Thank You and Good Luck ！ 多謝！