Waste per Person per Year United States 0.88 tons 2.4 kilograms (10 pounds ) per day !

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Presentation transcript:

Waste per Person per Year United States 0.88 tons 2.4 kilograms (10 pounds ) per day ! Only 32.5% was recycled

Ideally material should be free of contaminants Many consumer items are made from more than one material Materials are optimized for specific uses Solutions: Air classification (to remove light objects) Sink-Floating techniques Hand held spectrometers

Incineration VS -Saves more energy -Create 3 times more jobs

Recycling without deinking/bleaching - napkins, toilet tissue, etc Recycling with deinking -Chemical -Flotation/washing -Mechanical -Steam explosion -Ultrasound -Enzymes Paper Recycling Plant in Indonesia Bottom line : New generation of tonners needs to be devised ! Stickies are another problem in paper repulping

Nonpaper Uses Wood-based composites With polyethylene/polypropylene trunk liners for cars, door panels, etc With synthetic fibers – nonwoven mats With binders (resins, asphalt) – acoustical insulating boards With wood, gypsum – boards Paper Mill Sludge Boards Tiles Plastics Ethanol Feed for cattle Litter for pets

Most Used Plastics 41% Polyethylene 23% Polyvinylchloride 21% Polypropylene 11% Polystyrene 4% Styrene-acrylonitrile Where 27% Packaging 20% Building 13% Consumer products

Foamed insulation Fibers (various applications) Shower curtains Paint brushes Draining pipes Trash cans Grocery bags Traffic barrier cones (non-food) Plastic recycling rates are… dropping down High costs of collecting and sorting

Additional stabilizers should be added (exclusion polypropylene) Different polymers should be separates (e.g. in carpets) Bottle: PETE Cap and label: polypropylene Solution All polyester bottle Ink jet printing instead of label

-Creation polymer blends to minimize separations -Improve properties of recycled materials Compatibilizers – block or graft copolymers Graft polymer Example: Polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride becomes compatible with nylon-6,6

- Polymers can be converted to their monomers for purification and repolymerization Nylon-6 → caprolactam Polymethylmethacrylate → cyanoacrylate (92-100%) Poly(α-methylstyrene) → methylstyrene (95-100%) Polytetrafluoroethylene → fluoroethylene (97-100%) Polystyrene → styrene (up to 100%) Uses of Pyrolyzate Repolymerization Feedstock for petroleum refinery Fuels