Figure 24-17Schematic representation of the thylakoid membrane showing the components of its electron-transport chain. Page 886
Figure 24-30Electron micrograph of thylakoids. Page 895
Figure 24-18Detailed diagram of the Z-scheme of photosynthesis. Page 887
Figure 24-22Schematic mechanism of O 2 generation in chloroplasts. Page 889
Figure 24-29Segregation of PSI and PSII. Page 894
Figure The Calvin cycle. Page 896
Table 24-1Standard and Physiological Free Energy Changes for the Reactions of the Calvin Cycle. Page 901
Figure Algal 3BPG and RuBP levels on removal of CO 2. Page 898
Figure 24-33aX-Ray structure of tobacco RuBP carboxylase. (a) The quaternary structure of the L 8 S 8 protein. Page 899
Page 900 Figure 24-34Probable reaction mechanism of the carboxylation reaction catalyzed by RuBP carboxylase.
Figure The Calvin cycle. Page 896
Figure 24-36Probable mechanism of the oxygenase reaction catalyzed by RuBP carboxylase–oxygenase. (Photorespiration) Page 902
Figure Photorespiration. Page 903
Figure 24-38The C 4 pathway. Page 904
PS SONG ngs/photosynthesis.mp3 ngs/photosynthesis.mp3
Chapter 25: Lipid Metabolism Suggested problems: 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
Table 25-1Energy Content of Food Constituents. Page 910
Figure 25-2Catalytic action of phospholipase A 2. Page 911
Figure 25-4b Structure and mechanism of phospholipase A 2. (b) The catalytic mechanism of phospholipase A 2. Page 912
Figure 25-8Franz Knoop’s classic experiment indicating that fatty acids are metabolically oxidized at their -carbon atom. Page 914
Figure 25-9 Mechanism of fatty acid activation catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase. Page 915
Figure 25-10Acylation of carnitine catalyzed by carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Page 915
Figure 25-11Transport of fatty acids into the mitochondrion. Page 916
Page 917 Figure The -oxidation pathway of fatty acyl-CoA.
Figure Mechanism of action of -ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. Page 919
Figure 25-16Structures of two common unsaturated fatty acids. Page 919
Figure Problems in the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and their solutions. Page 920
Figure Conversion of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. Page 922
Figure The propionyl- CoA carboxylase reaction.
Figure 25-20The rearrangement catalyzed by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Page 923
Figure Structure of 5’-deoxyadenosyl- cobalamin (coenzyme B 12 ). Page 923
Page 926 Figure Proposed mechanism of methylmalonyl- CoA mutase.
Figure Ketogenesis: the enzymatic reactions forming acetoacetate from acetyl-CoA. Page 929
Figure 25-28A comparison of fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid biosynthesis. Page 931
Figure 25-29The phosphopantetheine group in acyl-carrier protein (ACP) and in CoA. Page 931
Figure Association of acetyl-CoA carboxylase protomers. Page 932
Figure Reaction cycle for the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Page 933
Figure The mechanism of carbon–carbon bond formation in fatty acid biosynthesis. Page 934
“Alfonse, Biochemistry makes my head hurt!!” \