Division, Reconciliation, and Expansion (1850-1914) Literature of the Period
Freedom Black spirituals Fredrick Douglas Traditional African music fused with Biblical stories, hymns, popular music of the day Fredrick Douglas Abolitionist leader Skilled orator Wrote autobiography
Wartime Voices Diaries, letters, journals, speeches Mary Chestnut, wife of high ranking Confederate officer Pres. Abraham Lincoln Speeches, letters Gettysburg Address—10 sentences long
Frontier Voices Writers representing the Midwest, Far West, Southwest began to emerge Bret Harte Willa Cather Mark Twain Chief Joseph
Realism and Naturalism Began after Civil War Attempted to portray “real life” of ordinary people Naturalism—off-shoot of realism Forces larger than the individual (nature, fate, heredity) shaped individual destiny Jack London’s Alaska fiction
Literature of Discontent Realism—a harsh reality Industrialization—a force against individuals were powerless Loss of innocence Spoon River Anthology by Edgar Lee Masters