Solutions Ch. 22

What is a solution? Solution: mixture that is same throughout Solution: mixture that is same throughout HOMOGENEOUS HOMOGENEOUS Solute: getting dissolved Solute: getting dissolved Solvent: doing the dissolving Solvent: doing the dissolving Examples? Examples?

Other Solutions Air Air Gaseous solution Gaseous solution Alloys Alloys Metal solutions Metal solutions Sterling silver – silver and copper Sterling silver – silver and copper Bronze – copper and tin Bronze – copper and tin Brass – copper and zinc Brass – copper and zinc

How do things dissolve? Happens at surface Happens at surface Particles constantly moving and colliding Particles constantly moving and colliding Solute collides with solvent Solute collides with solvent Dissolves one layer at a time Dissolves one layer at a time Particles spread out evenly Particles spread out evenly

How can we speed up process? Stirring – Ex? Stirring – Ex? Smaller particles – Ex? Smaller particles – Ex? More surfaces exposed to solvent More surfaces exposed to solvent Temperature – Ex? Temperature – Ex? High temp. = faster particles = more collisions between solute and solvent High temp. = faster particles = more collisions between solute and solvent What is the fastest way to dissolve? What is the fastest way to dissolve? Hot solvent, small solute and stirring Hot solvent, small solute and stirring

Concentration Section 2 & 3

How much can dissolve? Solubility: maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a specific temp. Solubility: maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a specific temp. Concentrated: a lot of solute in solvent Concentrated: a lot of solute in solvent Dilute: NOT a lot of solute in solvent Dilute: NOT a lot of solute in solvent

Types of Solutions Saturated Solution: Saturated Solution: contains all solute it can hold at that temp. contains all solute it can hold at that temp. Unsaturated Solution: Unsaturated Solution: solution that is capable of dissolving more solute solution that is capable of dissolving more solute Supersaturated Solution: Supersaturated Solution: Contains more solute than saturated solution at same temp. Contains more solute than saturated solution at same temp. Heat solution – dissolve solute – cool back to beginning temp Heat solution – dissolve solute – cool back to beginning temp

Particles in Solution – Sec.3 Ions: charged particles Ions: charged particles Ions in solution conduct electricity known as electrolytes Ions in solution conduct electricity known as electrolytes Compounds dissolved that do not conduct electricity are nonelectrolytes Compounds dissolved that do not conduct electricity are nonelectrolytes

Getting Ions in solution Ionization: Molecules break down and form ions – make ions Ionization: Molecules break down and form ions – make ions Dissociation: Ionic compound breaks apart into its ions – ions separate Dissociation: Ionic compound breaks apart into its ions – ions separate