Gene_IDGene NameGene Symbol Fold change compared to control hCG retinol dehydrogenase 8 (all-trans) RDH82.09 hCG ankyrin repeat domain 12 ANKRD hCG UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B4 UGT2B hCG estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) ESR hCG FLJ46358 proteinFLJ Evaluating the 5 potential biomarkers with other substances Testing the long-term effects of Estrogen and 4-Nonylphenol Future Studies Figure 4: Gene profiles of BRCA1 and BRCA2. The E2 treament induced a fold repression of more than two fold while the NP treatment had no significant effect. This phenomenon was observed for 23/45 genes in the portfolio involved in the onset of breast cancer. Relative Gene Expression (Signal of treatment chip/signal of chip treatment) Relative Gene Expression (Signal of treatment chip/signal of chip treatment) Gene Expressions Profiles of BRCA1 and BRCA2 -Adami, H., Lipworth, L., Titus-Ernstoff, L., Hsieh, C., Hanberg, A., Ahlborg, U., Baron, J., and Trichopoulos, D. (1995). Organochlorine compounds and estrogen-related cancers in women. Cancer Causes and Control. 6, Ahlborg, U. G., Lipworth, L., Titus-Ernstoff, L., Hsieh, C., Hanberg, A., Baron, J., Trichopoulos, D., and Adami, H. (1995). Organochlorine compounds in relation to breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and endometriosis: an assessment of the biological and epidemiological evidence. Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 25, Anderson, E., Clarke, R. B., and Howell, A. (1998). Estrogen responsiveness and control of normal human breast proliferation. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 3, 23 -Ashby, J., Houthoff, E., Kennedy, S. J., Stevens, J., Bars, R., Jekat, F. W., Campbell, P., Miller, J. V., Carpanini, F. M., and Randall, G. L. P. (1997). The challenge posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environmental Health Perspectives Bennie, D. T Review of the environmental occurence of alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada. 34(1): Brix, Rikke, Hvidt, Søren and Carlsen, Lars. (2003). Solubility of nonylphenol and nonyphenol-ethoxylates: On the possible role of micelles. Chemosphere. 44(4): pp Brown, N. M., and Lamartiniere, C. A. (1995). Xenoestrogens alter mammary gland differentiation and cell proliferation in the rat. Environmental Health Perspectives. 103, Cavalieri E, Chakravarti D, Guttenplan J, et al (2006). "Catechol estrogen quinones as initiators of breast and other human cancers: implications for biomarkers of susceptibility and cancer prevention". Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 1766(1): 63–78. -Colborn T. (1993) Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environmental Health Perspectives. Oct;101(5): Davidson, N. E. (1998). Environmental estrogens and breast cancer risk. Current Opinion in Oncology 10, Davis, D. L., Bradlow, H. L., Wolff, M., Woodruff, T., Hoel, D. G., and Anton-Culver, H. (1993). Medical hypothesis: Xenoestrogens as preventable causes of breast cancer. Environmental Health Perspectives. 101, Ford, James, M.D., Plevritis, Sylvia, PhD. (2002) Genetic Alterations in MRI Screen-Detected Breast Lesions. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 7651; pp.618 Works Cited Discussion -4-Nonylphenol Altered the Effects of Almost 10 percent of the portfolio genes -5 to significant enough amounts to treat as possible biomarkers -Affected Several Genes in Estrogen-Pathway to the Same Extent