Most likely macrostate the system will find itself in is the one with the maximum number of microstates. E 1  1 (E 1 ) E 2  2 (E 2 ) E 1  1 (E 1 ) E 2  2 (E 2 )

Most likely macrostate the system will find itself in is the one with the maximum number of microstates. E 1  1 (E 1 ) E 2  2 (E 2 )

Using this definition of temperature we need to describe real systems

Boltzmann Factor (canonical ensemble)

Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution

T = 10 T = 100 T = 1000

The pressure on the wall due to all the particles in the gas is:

Efficiency of a Carnot engine p V Isotherm 1 Adiabat 1 Adiabat 2 Isotherm 2

Pr_b v(1) v(2) v(3) Calculates the relevant area for the Maxwell constructions (v(2)-v(1))*Pr_b - integral(Prfunc,v(1),v(2)) integral(Prfunc,v(2),v(3)) - (v(3)-v(2))*Pr_b

P (bar)