Topic 10 第十讲 : Benchmarking Technology 論題十 : 基準标秆法技術 Topic 10 第十讲 : Benchmarking Technology 論題十 : 基準 ( 标秆法 ) 技術 Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technologies and Research Vanderbilt University Redefining Libraries: Web 2.0 and other Challenges May 2007 Xiamen, China

Cost / Benefit 费用 / 效益 Many choices in making technology decisions Many choices in making technology decisions 進行技术决定時的许多选择 Aim for the greatest benefit 以最大的效益为目标 Aim for the greatest benefit 以最大的效益为目标 Compromise usually needed to lower costs 为減低成本需作妥协 Compromise usually needed to lower costs 为減低成本需作妥协

Total Cost of Ownership 总体拥有成本 Consider all cost components Consider all cost components考虑所有费用成分 Full lifetime of projects Full lifetime of projects项目的整体周期 Initial costs 開始的费用 Initial costs 開始的费用 Ongoing costs 持续的费用 Ongoing costs 持续的费用

Cost component examples 费用成分的例子 Hardware – Server, storage, networking Hardware – Server, storage, networking 硬件 - 伺服器, 存贮, 网络 硬件 - 伺服器, 存贮, 网络 Software – Operating System 软件 - 操作系统 Software – Operating System 软件 - 操作系统 Software – Application 软件 - 应用 Software – Application 软件 - 应用 Systems management: 系统管理 Systems management: 系统管理 –System administrator 系统管理员 –Database administrator 数据库管理员 –Network administrator 网络管理员 –Security officer 安全管理员

Cost components (Cont…) 费用成分（续） Initial software purchase or license 最初的软件购买或使用協定 Initial software purchase or license 最初的软件购买或使用協定 Annual support fees 每年支援费用 Annual support fees 每年支援费用 Installation / conversion services 安装 / 转换服务 Installation / conversion services 安装 / 转换服务 Training services from vendor 供应商的培训服务 Training services from vendor 供应商的培训服务

In-house costs 机构内部的费用 Committee meetings + preparation 委员会会议 + 准备 Committee meetings + preparation 委员会会议 + 准备 Staff training + preparation 人员培训 + 准备 Staff training + preparation 人员培训 + 准备 System configuration 系统配置 System configuration 系统配置 –Profiles and policies 设定和政策 Testing cycles 测试的周期 Testing cycles 测试的周期 User training and orientation 用户培训和导向 User training and orientation 用户培训和导向 Vendor relationship management 供应商关系管理 Vendor relationship management 供应商关系管理 Decreased productivity during transitions 过渡期的低生产力 Decreased productivity during transitions 过渡期的低生产力 Disruption to users 对用户的干扰 Disruption to users 对用户的干扰

Acquiring the right technology 採用正确的技术 Assess needs for automation 估计对自动化的需要 Assess needs for automation 估计对自动化的需要 –ILS? 图书馆自动化系統 ? –Link Server? 链接伺服器 ? –Federated Search? 整合检索系統 ? –Electronic Resource Management? 电子资源管理 ? –Consolidated interface? 整合介面 ? –Institutional repository? 机构典藏库 ? –Digital asset management system? 数字资产管理系统 ? –Content management system for Web site? 网站内容的管理系统 ?

Technology strategy 技术策略 Integrated systems approach 综合系统管理 Integrated systems approach 综合系统管理 Best-of-breed Best-of-breed 最佳品种

Best-of-breed / a la carte 最佳品种 / 自选项目 Disintegrated environment: Disintegrated environment:不协调的环境 –Serial implementation 序列的实施 –Multi-year implementation effort 跨年的实施力度 –Difficult to present seamless environment to user 对用户难提供无缝的环境 –Single points of management for each type of data 对各类型数据的單一管理

Integrated suites of components 成分的整合化 More reliance on a single vendor 更依赖單一供应商 More reliance on a single vendor 更依赖單一供应商 Vendor more responsible for integration 供应商对设备整合更负责任 Vendor more responsible for integration 供应商对设备整合更负责任 Level of integration still far from satisfactory 整合化的程度仍难令人满意 Level of integration still far from satisfactory 整合化的程度仍难令人满意

Principle of penultimacy 倒数第二的原则 Applies mostly to hardware 主要适用于硬件 Applies mostly to hardware 主要适用于硬件 Avoid the cutting edge 避免用最先進技術 Avoid the cutting edge 避免用最先進技術 Avoid technology more then 2 years old 避免超过兩年之技術 Avoid technology more then 2 years old 避免超过兩年之技術 Penultimate = next to last 倒数第二 Penultimate = next to last 倒数第二 One step down from the latest version 用次一級的版本 One step down from the latest version 用次一級的版本 Reliable performance / Moderate cost 可靠的表现 / 适度费用 Reliable performance / Moderate cost 可靠的表现 / 适度费用

Open source vs Proprietary software 开放原始码 对 非自由软体 Relative parity in TOC 内容縂表 (TOC) 的相对对等 Relative parity in TOC 内容縂表 (TOC) 的相对对等 Open source has no initial software license costs Open source has no initial software license costs 开放原始码无需最初的软件使用協定费用 Greater in-house costs 更高的机构内部费用 Greater in-house costs 更高的机构内部费用 Paid support options available Paid support options available 可供选择的付费支援服务 –Koha -> LibLime LibLime 公司开发的 Koha 课堂计划 –Equinox -> Evergreen Equinox 软件的 Evergreen 图书馆自动化系統

Open source vs Proprietary software (Cont…) 开放原始码 对 非自由软体 续 Open source vs Proprietary software (Cont…) 开放原始码 对 非自由软体 ( 续 ) Higher risk Higher risk 较高风险 No guarantees for support or ongoing development No guarantees for support or ongoing development对支持或持续发展没有保证

Given a hypothetical exercise to replace your current automation system with an open source alternative, calculate the total cost of ownership over the next five years. Focus more on the categories of costs than the specific amounts and be sure to include the value of any library staff directly or indirectly involved with the project. 假设一项实习就是用开放原始码代替贵馆现有的自动系 统，计算未来五年的整体拥有成本。 集中考虑分类成 本多于特定金额，而且必须包括任何直接或间接参与项 目的员工的价值。 Group Exercise 小组研习