Ecology - the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment -Studies the interconnections between the individual parts.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
CHEMISTRY.
Advertisements

Geologic Time Scale.
Matter and Energy In Ecosystems. 3 Ecosystem Necessities Recycling of Matter (nutrient cycles). Flow of Energy (food chain). Gravity (keeps everything.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lecture 3 Basic Chemistry.
Energy – The capacity for doing work The ability to change matter.
Chemistry and Matter Review. What is Matter? Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space. Everything in the world is made of matter.
PowerPoint ® Lecture prepared by Gary A. Beluzo THE LAWS OF MATTER AND ENERGY 2.
Instructions for Using This PowerPoint Presentation
Ecology Ecology- Science of the interactions between organisms and their environment.
The Stuff of the Universe What is nature “made of”? Horsehead nebula in Orion.
Scientific Method Raise question Gather data. Scientific Method Raise question Gather data Form hypothesis Test and modify hypothesis.
The Stuff of the Universe What is nature “made of”? Horsehead nebula in Orion.
from your text, Principles of Environmental
UNIT 3: MATTER ENERGY LIFE. objectives Students can: 1. Describe matter, atoms and molecules and give simple examples of the four major kinds of organic.
Chapter 3.1 The law of conservation of energy states that energy may neither be created nor destroyed. Therefore the sum of all the energies in the system.
Chemistry of Life. Everything, whether it is a rock, dog, car, or flower, is made of incredibly small particles called __________. atoms.
Elemental Jeopardy 6th Grade Science with Mr. Parks.
Common Elements of the Earth and Livings Things
Ecosystems and Human Interferences Chapter 48. Outline Biotic Components Biotic Components Autotrophs Autotrophs Heterotrophs Heterotrophs Energy Flow.
 Chapter 2.  Matter – mass + space  Atoms – elements; periodic table; symbols o Atomic number, mass number, isotope o Radioactivity Radioactive decay,
Environmental Science Inquiry and Applications Cunningham • Cunningham
Chapter 3 Ecosystems: How They Work Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Elements. In class Obj. I will be able to identify the common elements, know the difference between a compound and an element, and know the majority of.
CHAPTER 2: The Chemistry of Life BIO 121. Chemistry is relevant… (even if we don’t like it)
“Stuff” of the Universe The Raw Materials for Planets, Rocks and Life.
Chapter 54 Ecosystems. Ecosystem: Overview An ecosystem consists of –All the organisms living in a community – all the abiotic factors with which they.
Chapter 2 Section 3 The Chemistry of Life.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fix Astronomy Chapter 7.
Chapter 3: Matter, Energy and Life Lecture #1 Part II Biosphere Breakdown & Energy Flow.
Chapter 3 Ecosystems: How They Work Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Environmental Science Tenth Edition Richard T. Wright.
Food Chains & Food Webs. Food chain  Food chain: A model that shows how energy and matter move through an ecosystem AcornSquirrelRed-tailed hawk AcornSquirrelRed-tailed.
1 Principles of Environmental Science Inquiry and Applications Third Edition Cunningham Chapter 2 Lecture Outlines* *See PowerPoint Image Slides for all.
Unit 3 Ecosystems Topic 1: Energy flow and matter cycling.
Atoms and Molecules: The Chemical Basis of Life. Elements – Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions.
Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies The Chemical Basis of Life (Pt.1) Chapter 2 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies.
Name as many elements as you can that you encounter in your everyday life. Where are they found?
Chapter 3 Ecosystems: How They Work. Matter Matter Anything that has Anything that has Made of atoms of elements → molecules and compounds Made of atoms.
DO NOW: Read Life depends on chemistry. When you eat food or inhale oxygen, your body uses these materials in chemical reactions that keep you alive. Just.
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Overview of Chapter 3 Energy & Ecosystems – Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flow of Energy.
It matters. MATTER: ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS It matters.
Energy Basics. Part 1: The Relationship Between Matter and Energy 1.Define matter and energy Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Energy.
Food For Thought – Energy. Energy Capacity to perform work Kinetic energy = motion Potential energy = stored energy.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. AP Environmental Science Mr. Grant Lesson 23 Earth’s Physical Systems: Matter, Energy, and Geology Matter, Chemistry, And.
Organic Compounds A review of elements, molecules, and compounds.
1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 4 Lecture Outline Prepared by Jennifer N. Robertson-Honecker.
To understand the environment, we need to know how energy and matter behave in the environment and in living things Matter, Energy and Life Building blocks.
Environmental Systems
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS &THEIR INTERACTION
Cycles of Matter Ecology.
Elements & Atoms Section 2.1.
Characteristics of Life
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Components of Matter What are you made of?.
Energy: the Basics.
SECTION 2.1 TO 2.2 NOTES.
APES REVIEW.
Environmental Systems
Chemical Reactions Notes #2
Ecologists study:   A.  Living things and their genetic makeup B.  Genetic patterns and the chemistry in them C.  The physical world and its processes.
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Chapter 8 Energy in Matter
Matter, Energy, and Life “When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world.” ~ John Muir.
Chemistry Review Chapter 2
Matter.
Where energy comes from….
Chapter 8 Energy in Matter
2.1A Components of Matter What are you made of?.
Five Practices for Finding Chemical Change in Life and Lifestyles
Photosynthesis and Respiration
Energy Flow in Ecosystems (LT 1.6)
Presentation transcript:

Ecology - the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment -Studies the interconnections between the individual parts of a system (the plants, the nutrients, …) and how they work to form the whole system

Matter - everything that takes up space and has mass Energy - the capacity to do work –kinetic energy - the energy of motion –potential energy - stored energy ready for use 1st Law of Thermodynamics –energy is conserved (  E =  Q -  W) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics –no transformation of energy is completely efficient

Elements Substances that cannot be broken down into two or more simpler substances by ordinary physical or chemical means. (i.e. excluding nuclear reactions / radioactive decay) Most abundant elements in the Continental Crust Oxygen 45% by wt.Sodium 2.32% Silicon 27% Potassium 1.7% Aluminum 8%Titanium 0.86 % Iron 5.8%Hydrogen 0.14% Calcium 5%Manganese 0.1 % Magnesium 2.8%Phosphorous 0.1 % All other elements 0.77 % ----> 100%

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 2-2 Elements and compounds

Atoms

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Periodic table of the elements Figure

Isotopes

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Molecules and compounds Figure

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Atom (carbon-12) Figure

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Organic molecules Figure

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. The electromagnetic spectrum Figure

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Photosynthesis Figure

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Energy flows in food web Figure

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Trophic levels Figure

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Energy pyramid Figure Source: Data from Howard T. Odum, “Trophic Structure and Productivity of Silver Springs, Florida” in Ecological Monographs, 27:55-112, 1957, Ecological Society of America.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Energy pyramid/biomass period Figure

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Trophic pyramid Figure

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Carbon cycle Figure

Photosynthesis 6H 2 O + 6CO 2  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6H 2 O + 6CO 2

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Nitrogen cycle Figure

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Phosphorus cycle Figure

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sulfur cycle Figure

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Dimethylsulfide Figure

Water Strongly Polar Liquid over a wide range of temperatures High Specific Heat High Heat of Vaporization Becomes less dense as it solidifies

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Energy exchange in ecosystem Figure