Land-Use and Transportation A piece of land with a particular type of land use produces a certain number of trips Hence the need for transportation facilities to serve the trip-making demand The new or improved transportation facilities provide better accessibility Naturally, land value increases and eventually, the original land use changes, reflecting the state of the land market So the cycle continues…

Land-use Planning The term land use comes from agricultural economics It refers to a parcel of land and the economic use it was then put to – grazing, growing crops, mining or building Land-use planning can be considered in two contexts It includes all forms of planning, transportation planning can be considered as a form of land-use planning because it actually consists of planning for that proportion of land used for transportation Land-use planning is a discipline by itself, having its own set of theories and practices

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Working definitions and basic concepts for understanding urban form and structure Urban form: The spatial pattern or “arrangement” of individual elements – such as buildings, streets, parks, and other land uses (collectively called the built environment), as well as social groups, economic activities, and public institutions, within an urban area. Urban interaction: The collective set of interrelationships, linkages, and flows that occurs to integrate and bind the pattern and behavior of individual land uses, groups, and activities into the functioning entities. One of the most important integrating subsystems is the highway or street network.

3. Urban spatial structure: Formally combines the urban form through the urban interaction with a set of organizational rules into a city system. Example is the competitive rent for different locations within the urban area which produces an ‘ordering” of activities in terms of location requirements and the rent that each person can afford to pay. 4. Comprehensive plans: Also known as the master plan or general plan. An official statement of a geographic unit’s policies and intentions pertaining to physical development in the years ahead. 5. Guidelines: A set of guidelines for development may serve as a recommended alternative in a land-use plan. An implementation technique that may need legislation.

Land-Use and Transportation

6. Legislation: Some of the recommendations from the land-use plan can be transformed into bills that can subsequently be submitted to the legislative body for possible enactment into law. 7. Codes: Housing and building codes are important implementation techniques for land-use management. Ensure the quality of community growth by establishing certain standards. 8. Zoning: The oldest and most commonly used legal device for implementing local land use plans. Ensures that land uses in a geographic unit are compatible in relation to one another. 9. Subdivision regulations: Control the development and change occurring within the community and encourage efficient and desirable local services. 10. Infrastructures: The life-support facilities of a geographic unit.

Land-Use and Transportation The movement of people and goods in a city, referred to as traffic flow, is the joint consequence of land activity (demand) and the capability of the transportation system to handle this traffic flow (supply).

The amount of vacant land that is suitable and available for residential use is also an additional factor in attracting future population to the zone in question. This is referred to as holding capacity (Hi).

Solution:

3 5

130 1009 5006

2 1 3 4 5

Example: A circular-shaped city has the following residential density function in relation to distance from the city center At a distance of 2 miles from the city center, the average density is 21 persons/acre; at 3 miles, the density drops to 9 persons/acre. Establish the constants of the equation. What is the area of the city? (1 sq.mile = 640 acres). Assume that the density at the outer edge of the city is 1 person/acre.