Quality of Service in IP Networks Scott Nelson

Triple Play NGN Architecture

Triple Play Service Delivery Architecture Broadband Service Aggregation Broadband Service Router Public Internet Subscriber Broadband Access Node ADSL2+ VDSL2 GPON BTV Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) as per DSL Forum WT-101 . IP Backbone Home Gateway IASP Partners Distributed BNG (as shown) Subscriber management in BSA (7450) L2 forwarding with L3 QoS/security Full routing in the BSR (7750) Network architecture for lowest capex Collapses residential, business L2, and business L3 service aggregation on common elements No extra hops or boxes and supports local VOD PIM multicast trees reduced BNG Routed termination Subscriber management and routing in BSR Access nodes terminate into BSRs directly, or via Ethernet Aggr/Packet-Ring (1850TSS) backhaul Layer 3 Business services supported everywhere BSR (7750) also supports L2-VPNs for business

Triple Play Service Delivery Architecture Home Gateway BTV . Broadband Access Node IASP Partners IP Backbone Subscriber Public Internet ADSL2+ VDSL2 GPON Broadband Service Aggregation Broadband Service Router Address Scale and Reduce Cost Scalable subscriber management and QoS Improve Resiliency Non-Stop Services, subscriber-state resiliency, etc. Fully address subscriber, network, and application security Secured Ethernet, lawful interception, etc Provide an operational model for mass deployment Auto-configuration, simple OSS integration Improve Subscriber policy control H-QoS, L4-L7 policy control, etc Optimize for Applications Multicast handling, service admission control, etc Ability to consolidate business services on a common infrastructure L2-VPNs, L3-VPNs, Broadband services, Virtual Ethernet services, peering, etc

IP Based Triple Play Triple Play of VoIP, IP Video and Internet Network Bandwidth dominated by IP Video Access, Metro and Core Based on modelling for NA Operator 30,000 60,000 90,000 120,000 150,000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Mbps kbps Internet Bandwidth VoIP ICC Bandwidth PiP Bandwidth Internet VoD Bandwidth Internet traffic - Internet Core IP Video Multicast Bandwidth IP Traffic in the IP “Core” (behind BSR - 7750) Assumes centralised VoD and D-server

IP Video and Network Transformation { Today’s Bandwidth Needs per user 1.5 .1 .05 VoIP BW HSI BW 1.5M .1M .05M Total BW Let’s look at a typical 1.5 Mbit/s ADSL based high speed internet service and look at how bandwidth is effectively allocated in the various parts of the network. What is interesting to note is that as we move deeper into the core of the network each subscriber is assumed to need on average only 50kbit/s worth of traffic How can this be that a so-called high speed service is effectively dimensioned for just 50kbit/s of bandwidth? It is simply a matter of fact - the nature of Internet traffic and its use; combined with the reality that not all users are on-line or even actively using their connection at any particular time. In practice with relatively normal use any particular user will typically receive a performance that matches his access line speed. If we compare this to a full triple play service offering as proposed by SBC, we see a significant difference. While the scale increase is large in the access network the increase in scale is far more significant within the network itself. And as you can see this is due primarily to the bandwidth needed to deliver the video service set. In particular the requirement for High Definition, Video on Demand and other unicast video needs creates the need across the network. And unlike pure Internet traffic, the bandwidth for video is fairly constant. Note that in the aggregation network, there is a 100x increase in the bandwidth per customer. Based on this model a 100G aggregation element is required to support about 8 thousand users. A far cry from a 20G BRAS supporting 50 thousand customers. And in the access network the need to deliver 20Mbit/s will require the use of advanced DSL technologies and the use of outside plant based DSLAMs. Such bandwidth and service need basically requires a completely new network, and most likely a new way of operating. But not every Service provider is expecting to need 20Mbit/s in the access and 10M in the aggregation network… Home Access Aggregation Service Router Core 10G ~300 users 100G ~8k users 200G ~50k users 3M .3M .2M 2M Total BW 1.5M 10M 20M VoIP BW HSI BW IP Video BW 9M 3M* 1M 16M Triple Play Bandwidth Needs per user 30x Scale Increase 100x ~15x

This QoS Enabled IP Network is not the Internet IP Quality of Service What do we mean by IP Quality of Service? Quality - Meeting the customers expectation Manage services at the IP layer Individual IP flows Multiservice IP networks Network Design plays a key role Network Dimensioning Coping with bursty nature of IP flows IP classifcation and differentiation of different service types Video, VoIP, High Speed Internet Service and Network Availability Network resiliency High Service Availability in the Network Equipment HSI - High Speed Internet This QoS Enabled IP Network is not the Internet

End-to-End QoS Model IP 7450 ESS or 7750 SR 7750SR Video Burst IP VoIP VOD Best Effort Data Preferred Data 10GE 7450 ESS or 7750 SR Per Sub VLAN Video HSI 7750SR GE Multi Per Sub Per-sub-per-service (basic) QoS at DSLAM Prioritization: 802.1p Queueing: 4 queues per sub & ingress policing CoS queuing to net. Multicast injection Marking: 802.1p marking Class-based QoS at Eth-Aggr/Packet-Ring with fair BW partitioning/re-use Prioritization: 802.1p Queueing/Shaping: MEF policing (EVC+CoS) CoS scheduling & shaping Fair ring-wide load balancing Per-sub-per-service (advanced) QoS at Subscriber Mngmt Edge Prioritization: L2-L4, DSCP Queueing/Shaping: Hierarchical QoS Per-sub, per-service queuing, scheduling & shaping Marking: 802.1p downstream DSCP upstream Class-based QoS at Core with fair BW partitioning /reuse Prioritization: L2-L4, DSCP Queueing/Shaping: Application/content queues with shaping Marking/re-marking: DSCP downstream DSCP upstream

Leveraging the QoS Evolution for Improved High Speed Internet Services Classification utilizes the QoS Infrastructure Increasing classification intelligence through application awareness Utilizing an integrated network level QoS Solution Triple Play is Driving a QoS-based Infrastructure We can leverage this Infrastructure for HSI Service Value

Beyond Triple Play – Adding Value to Internet For the Service Provider Tiered HSI Revenue Opportunities to increase ARPU Gaming, Peer-to-peer, URL filtering, iVoIP, iVideo Fairness: Align usage of HSI network resources with revenue on a per subscriber basis Enable an IASP “eco-system” to enable competing IASPs to differentiate themselves For the C/ASP Differentiate your offering by improving your customers’ HSI experience For the Subscriber Gain a better HSI experience Pay only for the value that you need

Neutrality, Fairness and Service Improvement Net Neutrality (FCC August 2005 Principles) Access the internet content of choice Run applications and use services of choice Connect their choice of devices that do no harm Enjoy competition among service, application and content providers Fairness Ensure best-effort network resources are allocated in a just and equitable fashion Service Improvement Enables subscribers and content/application providers to improve their experiences over the public internet Service Expansion Delivers a Better Internet Experience Ensures Fairness and Maintains the Principles of Neutrality

Triple Play Networks QoS Enabled IP Networks Remaining challenges Basis for Triple Play Networks Underlying IP Infrastructure for IMS Architecture determined by IP Video needs Common architectures Different Implementations Remaining challenges Wholesaling models Beyond ULL Bit stream access Net Neutrality Requires creative and close co-operation between service providers, equipment vendors and regulators

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High Availability for Residential & Business Services Spoke SDP to 7750 means Fast reroute to a routed interface instead of slower VRRP failover Single-homed DSLAM with LAG Sub-50ms Fast Reroute 7750 7450 7450 VPLS 7450 7750 Non-stop routing Non-stop service means node stays up Non-stop routing Non-stop service means node stays up Policy VRRP provides service-aware choice of master gateway router. IPoE and VRRP provide hot standby reslience. Dual-homed customer Hot-Standby IP edge router redundancy with IPoE/DHCP Rapid restoration with VPLS and sub-50ms fast-reroute, no spanning tree DHCP state persistence in 7450 and 7750 for all lease-related state Link redundancy options with 802.3ad link aggregation and active/standby options High-availability with non-stop routing/non-stop service

Routed BNG Connectivity Models - Per-Sub VLAN & Multi-Sub VLAN FTTx FTTx BTV BTV Per-sub Multi-sub 73xx 73xx FTTx FTTx Per-sub Multi-sub IP: 1.2.3/24 IP: 1.2.3/24 BTV BTV 73xx 7750 73xx 7750 Per-subscriber Q-tagged circuits are sub-interfaces grouped into one common subnet Option for Multi-subscriber VLANs with bridging in DSLAM. VLAN group interface to extend subnet Subnet spans many subscribers and multiple OLTs Retains same OLT connectivity model Enables persistent context for each subscriber Subnet can span multiple DSLAMs Subscriber identified by option 82 Subscriber policy and queues dynamically assigned