Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”

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Presentation transcript:

Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology” Using information technology, designing novel algorithms and methods of analyses (computational biology) Establishing innovative software and databases of information, allowing open access to the records held within them (bioinformatics)

Bioinformatics is interdisciplinary Mathematics Statistics Computer Science Biophysics Evolution Ethical, legal and social implications Molecular Biology Structural Biology Biomedicine Bioinformatics Patrice Koehl

Genomics: genes give rise to proteins The ~25,000 genes of the human genome encode > 100,000 polypeptides Not all of the DNA in a genome encodes protein microbes: 90% coding gene human: 3% coding gene About ½ of the non-coding DNA in humans is conserved (functionally important)

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA RNA Protein Replication Transcription Translation Genotype Phenotype Patrice Koehl

DNA structure

RNA structure

Protein structure

G RNA 5’ GGUCAUUC 3’ DNA coding strand DNA template strand DNA 5’ 3’ mRNA synthesis The mRNA is formed by adding nucleotide that are complementary to the template strand Patrice Koehl

Translation: mRNA -> protein

TRANSLATION The process of reading the mRNA sequence and creating the protein is called translation Protein are made of amino acids (20 different, 9 “essentials”) 3 bases or nucleotides make one codon Each codon specifies one amino acid : genetic code Patrice Koehl

3-letter Codon -> amino acid

Translation : initiation Patrice Koehl

Translation : initiation tRNA Patrice Koehl

Translation : elongation tRNA Patrice Koehl

Translation : elongation Patrice Koehl

Translation : elongation Patrice Koehl

Translation : elongation Patrice Koehl

Translation : termination Patrice Koehl

Translation : termination Protein Patrice Koehl

DNA -> RNA -> Proteins Proteins are central to life Cellular structure, communications, etc. Medical, drug development Failure -> disease (ex: missing, misfolding) The key to protein function is structure

Proteins collagen immunoglobulin

Huntington’s: amyloid structure

Animations Transcription and Translation Eukariotic Transcription

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