Fish Taxonomy.

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Agnatha Hagfish & Lamprey

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Presentation transcript:

Fish Taxonomy

KINGDOM ANIMALIA PHYLUM CHORDATA SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini (1 order) Class Cephalaspidomorphi (1 order) SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes (10 orders) Class Sarcopterygii (3 orders) Class Actinopterygii (4 orders) Division Teleostei (35-38 orders)

KINGDOM ANIMALIA PHYLUM Chordata SUPERCLASS Agnatha Class Myxini (1 order) Class Cephalaspidomorphi (1 order) SUPERCLASS Gnathostomata Class Chondrichthyes (10 orders) Class Sarcopterygii (3 orders) Class Actinopterygii (4 orders) Division Teleostei (35-38 orders)

SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii 9 orders (sharks, rays, skates) Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Coelacanthimorpha Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths) Subclass Dipnoi Order Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfish) Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish) Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes) Subclass Chondrostei Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish) Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes) Subclass Neopterygii Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars) Order Amiiformes (bowfin) Division Teleostei 35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

Bond pp. 77-87 Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii 9 orders (sharks, rays, skates) Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Coelacanthimorpha Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths) Subclass Dipnoi Order Ceratodontiformes (lungfish) Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish) Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes) Subclass Chondrostei Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish) Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes) Subclass Neopterygii Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars) Order Amiiformes (bowfin) Division Teleostei 35-38 orders (modern body fishes) Bond pp. 77-87

Jawless - feed through sucking mouthparts SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Jawless - feed through sucking mouthparts Gill openings are pores, not slits No paired fins Silurian/early Devonian periods (440-400 MYA) 3 classes Myxini (hagfishes) Cephalaspidimorphi (lampreys) Pteraspidimorphi (extinct) Courtesy: tolweb.org

most primitive vertebrates marine only no larval stage (yet found) SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) most primitive vertebrates marine only no larval stage (yet found) degenerate eyes – no lens or iris cartilaginous skeleton no lateral line one semicircular canal prominent barbels no separate dorsal fin

scavengers (NOT parasites) SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) scavengers (NOT parasites)

no osmoregulation: body fluids at same salinity as ocean SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) structurally but not functionally hermaphroditic (function as male OR female at a given time) no osmoregulation: body fluids at same salinity as ocean ~ 40 spp. today economic importance - leather and food source in Asia

no paired fins; dorsal fin(s) well developed eyes gill pouches SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) developed vertebrae no paired fins; dorsal fin(s) well developed eyes gill pouches two semicircular canals; single nostril

long larval stage (ammocoetes) SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) long larval stage (ammocoetes) ~ 30 species - anadromous and freshwater parasitic forms: larvae metamorphose, reproduce as parasites non-parasitic forms: skip feeding stage non-parasitic forms (detritus-feeders) develop from parasitic forms only in fresh water

food source (Europe, Asia) Great Lakes fisheries medical research SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) Economic importance food source (Europe, Asia) Great Lakes fisheries medical research

Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii 9 orders (sharks, rays, skates) Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Coelacanthimorpha Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths) Subclass Dipnoi Order Ceratodontiformes (lungfish) Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish) Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes) Subclass Chondrostei Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish) Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes) Subclass Neopterygii Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars) Order Amiiformes (bowfin) Division Teleostei 35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA jawed gills are slits paired fins Silurian (400 MYA) 4 classes Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes Sarcopterygii Actinopterygii (rayfins, higher bony fishes)

SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Placodermi Extinct jaws first appear gill arches first appear paired fins bony plates Courtesy: http://universe-review.ca

SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Courtesy: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk Chimaeras, sharks, skates & rays cartilaginous teeth not fused to jaws ‘placental’ to oviparous reproduction embryos are sometimes encased gestation up to 2 yrs Courtesy: http://www.jaxshells.org

Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii 9 orders (sharks, rays, skates) Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Coelacanthimorpha Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths) Subclass Dipnoi Order Ceratodontiformes (lungfish) Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish) Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes) Subclass Chondrostei Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish) Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes) Subclass Neopterygii Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars) Order Amiiformes (bowfin) Division Teleostei 35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) typically in shallow to mid-depth water all marine Cretaceous ratfish

SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) gills in four pairs spiracle absent skin naked in adults cloaca absent males have pelvic intromittent organs (claspers) two dorsal fins, first erectile with a spine and poison gland diphycercal tail (symmetrical-tapering-whiplike)

SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) upper jaw/mouth fused to cranium teeth are grinding plates elephantfish, plownose