Chemistry and Nanomaterials Carl C. Wamser Portland State University Nanomaterials Course - June 27, 2006 Carl C. Wamser Portland State University Nanomaterials.

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Presentation transcript:

Chemistry and Nanomaterials Carl C. Wamser Portland State University Nanomaterials Course - June 27, 2006 Carl C. Wamser Portland State University Nanomaterials Course - June 27, 2006

Nanoscale = billionths (10 -9 ) 6 billion people 8000 mile diameter 10 billion components 8 inch diameter

Effects of Nanoscale Structural differences: Bulk Carbon Nanoscale Carbon Carbon Nanotubes Sumio Iijima C 60 (Buckeyball) Smalley, Curl, Kroto 1996 Nobel Prize GraphiteDiamond

Instrumentation / Imaging “Quantum Corral” 48 Fe atoms positioned by the STM used to image them

Dimensional Issues

Chemistry Issues Structure / Dynamics / Synthesis Structure-Function Correlations Self-Assembled Systems Applications: – Materials – Biological – Environmental

Organic LEDs Structure-Function Correlations (emission wavelengths)

Quantum Effects Fluorescence of cadmium selenide nanoparticles 4 nm 2 nm Band gap depends on particle size (number of atoms in the particle)

Chemical Bonding Forces used to assemble structure: –Ionic –Metallic –Covalent –H-bonding –Metal-ligand –Van der Waals –π-π stacking

Ionic Bonding Molecular beaker epitaxy Layer-by-layer growth of polyelectrolytes Tom Mallouk Penn State U

Ionic / Electrostatic Effects A molecular elevator Responsive to acid/base J. D. Badjic, et al., Accts. Chem. Res., in press. J.F. Stoddart, UCLA

Ionic / Electrostatic Effects Conformational Molecular Rectifiers, A. Troisi and M. A. Ratner, Nano Lett., 4(4), (2004).

Metallic Bonding melting point: 1337 °K melting point: 650 °K Gold StatueGold nanoparticles Nanoscale gold has different properties than bulk gold, including: appearance, solubility, and melting point. thiol stabilized gold nanoparticle gold nanoparticles (2 nm) in solution Jim Hutchison, U. Oregon

Covalent Bonding - Carbon Single-walled carbon nanotubes: armchair - metallic zigzag - semiconducting chiral - semiconducting multi-walled - metallic

Covalent Bonding - Carbon Carbon nanotubes coated with diamond nanocrystals M. L. Terranova, et al., Chem. Mater., 17(12) pp

Hydrogen Bonding DNA Double Helix graphics/dna-3d.jpg

π-π Stacking - Liquid Crystals

Charge-Trapping Memory Device Liu, C-Y.; Bard, A.J.; Acc. Chem. Res. (1999), 32,

Self-Assembled Monolayer Monolayer of DDB on graphite (didodecylbenzene) 10 nm

Van der Waals Interactions SAMMS Self-Assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous Supports Glen Fryxell, PNNL

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Photosynthetic Reaction Center ( 1988 Nobel Prize )

Resources Nanochemistry references and websites: Handbook of Nanotechnology, B. Bhushan, ed. (2004) Molecular Nanotechnology, D. E. Newton, ed. (2002) Integrated Chemical Systems, A. J. Bard (1994) Engines of Creation, K. Eric Drexler (1986) ( ) “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”, Richard Feynman (1959) ( ) National Nanotechnology Initiative ( ) Nano Letters - ACS Journal ( ) Materials Today - British journal ( )