Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 1 Kafli 6 í Chase Vöruþróun.

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Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 1 Kafli 6 í Chase Vöruþróun & val á ferlum  Vöruþróun, aðferðafræði –“Concurrent Engineering”  Hönnun m.t.t. viðskiptavina –QFD  Hönnun m.t.t. framleiðslu  Helstu framleiðsluferli  Vöruflæði

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 2 Helstu verkþættir í vöruþróun  Huglæg hönnun  Tæknileg hönnun, iðnhönnun  Framleiðsluferlið hannað  Framleiðsla frumgerða

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 3 “Concurrent Engineering”  “Concurrent engineering” er það þegar unnið er samhliða að verkþáttum vöruþróunar, með miklum og opnum samskiptum milli allra í þróunarteyminu, í þeim tilgangi að stytta tímann að markaðssetningu, lækka tilkostnað og bæta gæði og áreiðanleika.

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 4 Hönnun m.t.t. viðskiptavina QFD, “Quality Function Deployment” Gæðahúsið ( House of Quality) “Value Analysis/ Value Engineering” Vara fyrir viðskiptavini

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 5 QFD, “Quality Function Deployment”  Þverfaglegt lið (teymi): Markaðsdeild, þróunardeild, hönnunardeild og framleiðsludeild.  Hlustað eftir óskum viðskiptavina  Gæðahúsið (House of Quality)

“The House of Quality” © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 7 “Value Analysis/Value Engineering”  Bæta árangur og lækka kostnað en uppfylla þó áfram allar kröfur viðskiptavina: –Er eitthvað í hönnun vörunnar ónauðsynlegt? –Er hægt að sameina einhverja þætti eða íhluti? –Er hægt að skera niður þyngd (efni)? –Er hægt að útrýma einhverjum óstöðluðum íhlutum?

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 8 Hönnun m.t.t. framleiðslu  Hefðbundin aðferð –Ein deild þróar, önnur hannar, þriðja smíðar, teikningar sendar fram og aftur “yfir veggina”  “Concurrent Engineering” –Vinna saman og samhliða að málinu í liði (teymi)

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 9 Helstu framleiðsluferli  Umbreyting (Conversion)  Smíði (Fabrication)  Samsetning (Assembly)

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 10 Fyrirkomulag framleiðslu  Verkefni (Project)  Verkstæði (Job shop)  Lotuframleiðsla (Batch shop)  Samsetningarlína (Assembly Line)  Samfellt flæði (Continuous Flow)

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 11 IV. Continuous Flow III. Assembly Line II. Batch I. Job Shop Low Volume, One of a Kind Multiple Products, Low Volume Few Major Products, Higher Volume High Volume, High Standard- ization Commercial Printer French Restaurant Heavy Equipment Coffee Shop Automobile Assembly Burger King Sugar Refinery Flexibility (High) Unit Cost (High) Flexibility (Low) Unit Cost (Low)

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 12 Núllpunktsgreining (Break Even)  SV = söluverð (kr/stk)  BK = breytilegur kostn. á ein. (kr/stk)  Framlegð = SV – BK (kr/stk)  Framlegðarstig = (SV – BK)/SV (%)  FK = Fastur kostnaður á ári (kr/ári)  X = framleitt magn á ári (stk/ári)  Hagnaður = (SV – BK)*X – FK  Núllpunktur: X = FK/(SV – BK)

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 13 Val á framleiðsluferli, dæmi Kostur 1: Aðkeypt á 200 kr/stk Kostur 2: Rennibekkur og starfsmaður, FK = kr/ári, BK = 75 kr/stk Kostur 3: Alsjálfvirk vinnslulína, FK = kr/ári, BK = 15 kr/stk 1 og 2: 200*X = 75*X => X = 640 stk 2 og 3: 75*X = 15*X => X = stk/ári Rennibekkur ódýrastur ef 640 < X < 2.000

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 14 Sýndarverksmiðja (Virtual Factory) Sýndarverksmiðja (virtual factory): Framleiðsla fer fram á mörgum stöðum en ekki einum, og birgjar og samstarfsaðilar vinna saman (samkvæmt samningum) að framleiðslunni á heildstæðan hátt.

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 15 Hönnun vöruflæðis  Hönnun vöruflæðis er kortlagning á flæði hráefna, íhluta og millivara gengum framleiðsluferlið.  Helstu verkfæri við þessa hönnun eru samsetningateikningar, samsetningarit og flæðirit.

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 16 Dæmi um samsetningarit (Gozinto) A-2SA Lockring Spacer, detent spring Rivets (2) Spring-detent A-5 Component/Assy Operation Inspection

Operations Management For Competitive Advantage © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 C HASE A QUILANO J ACOBS ninth edition 17 Dæmi um flæðirit Móttaka hráefnis frá birgjum Gæðaskoðun hráefnis Gallar finnast? Skilað aftur til birgja með kröfu Já Nei, áfram…