Microsoft SQL Server Administration for SAP SQL Server Architecture

2 Overview

3 Database Server Relational Database Management System SQL Server Transact-SQLTransact-SQL Application Client ResultsResults

4 SQL Server Service

5 Client / Server Application Database Interface Network Library SQL Server Open Data Services Network Library Tabular Data Stream (TDS) ClientServer

6 SQL Server Client Network Utility

7 SQL Server Network Utility

8 SQL Server Client Tools  SQL Enterprise Manager  SQL Query Analyzer  Service Manager  Server & Client Network Utility  Performance Monitor  SQL Profiler  Index Tuning Wizard  Data Transformation Services

9 Configuring SQL Enterprise Manager

10 Threads and Fibers  SQL Server process maintains pool of threads to process client requests  SQL Server can also be configured to use lightweight pooling(fibers)  max worker threads

11 Databases System Databases User Databases master model tempdb msdb pubs northwind VIE distribution

12 Database Files Extent (8 contiguous 8-KB pages) Page (8 KB) Tables, Indexes Data Database Data (file).mdf or.ndf Log (file).ldf Max row size = 8092 bytes

13 Data Files  Filegroups  Data & log files autogrow  Proportional fill  Pages and Extents  GAM  SGAM  PFS  IAM  In row text

14 Storage Engine  Data Cache & Proc cache  Cache hit ratio / free buffers  Transaction log  Lazy Writer  Lock Manager  Log Writer  Checkpoint / log truncation  Background task

15 Hardware Configuration  Balance and push the bottleneck to expensive component  CPU and L2 cache  Memory  Hard and Soft Paging  System Area Networks  Support of SAN Network Interfaces  cLan from GigaNet  Servernet II from Compaq  20% perf gain

16 I/O components - Disks  How fast is a disk?  Depends on the type of I/O workload  SQL Server reads 8K random (page reads)  Singleton (or few) select/update/insert  Lazy writer  Checkpoint processing  SQL Server reads 64K sequential (extent reads)  Table and index scans  Backup, index creation, DBCC, etc…

17 I/O components - Disks  Max throughput ~10 MB/sec  Max sequential transfers/sec ~150  Max random transfers/sec ~100  OLTP constrained by transfers/sec  DSS constrained by MB/sec  Realistic transfer rates: I/O sec 8K64K Sequential I/O MB/sec 9.4 MB/sec Random I/O MB /sec 6.3 MB/sec

18 Hardware Configuration  Disk  Raid 0, 10, 5  Pagefile, tempdb, log and data files location  h/w bandwidth limitations  Disk queue length  Write caching controllers  Latch wait time

19 Fixed RID Row Identifiers Base table organizations  Fixed Row Identifier (RID)  Rows identified by RID (8 bytes consisting of File#, Page#, Slot#)  RIDs do not change unless a row is deleted and reinserted elsewhere  RIDs can be reused once the transaction that deletes a row commits  RIDs used as lock resource

20 Clustered index  Clustered index  Rows identified by unique clustering key  Clustering key used as lock resource Row Identifiers Base table organizations

21 Secondary index Key“Locator” Points to either Secondary Indexes  Secondary indices  Index terms consist of key, “locator” pairs  Locators are stable with respect to base table organization (unlike 6.X)  Locator may be either RID (Fixed RID) or clustering key (clustered index)  Unique key/locator pair used as lock resource

22 Adams 6 6Lewis1Smith11 Key Locator (clustering Key) Clustering index data 1LewisDanAdamsKim11SmithKen Adams Index Changes Secondary index lookup on key “Adams”

23 Index on Views  Create View with SCHEMABINDING  Create Unique Clustered Index on View  All Nonclustered Indexes are dropped if Clustered Index is dropped  Indexed Views are maintained automatically  SET Options  EXPAND VIEWS and NOEXPAND

24 Referring to SQL Server Objects  Fully Qualified Names  Partially Specified Names  Server defaults to local server  Database defaults to current database  Owner defaults to the user name in the database pubs.dbo.authors

25 System Tables  Store Information (Metadata) About the System and Database Objects  Database Catalog Stores Metadata About a Specific Database  System Catalog Stores Metadata About the Entire System and All Other Databases

26 Metadata Retrieval  System Stored Procedures  sp_help authors  System Functions  select getdate()  Information Schema Views  select * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES

27 Common System Procedures and System Tables  System stored procedures  sp_help, sp_helpindex  sp_helpdb, sp_helpfile/filegroup  sp_who, sp_lock  sp_depends, sp_recompile  sp_readerrorlog  System tables  sysobjects, sysindexes, sysprocesses  System functions  Object_name/id, index_col

28 Login Authentication, Database User Accounts Windows NT Verifies Password SQL Server Verifies Password SQL Server SQL Windows NT SQL Server Assigns Logins to User Accounts and Roles SQL Server Assigns Logins to User Accounts and Roles Database User Account Database User Account Database Role Windows NT Group User Windows NT Group User SQL Server Login Account SQL Server Login Account

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30 Server Properties

31 Server Properties

32 Database Properties

33 Installing SQL Server  Installation Path  Character Set and Sort Order  Collations  Network Support  SQL Server Service Account  Licensing Mode  Instance Name  SQL Server 2000 only  Only Clients needs to be installed on Application Server

34 Lab work  Install SQL Server  Start and Stop SQL Server Service  Register your server with SQL Enterprise Manager  Search a Topic in Books Online  Online help for Create Table  Create a Table with Clustered Index  Check at the Server and Database Properties

35 Summary  Write a summary for this module