9 th Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Transport Paratransit Regulation in Brazil: some evidences from Recife’ experience Taciana Ferreira, Anísio Brasileiro & Rômulo Orrico Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Set/2005

Brazil Urban concentration and populations growth created a strongly and diverse rising transport needs Urban concentration and populations growth created a strongly and diverse rising transport needs Changes in urban forms and social and professional behaviours implied high changes in transport needs patterns Changes in urban forms and social and professional behaviours implied high changes in transport needs patterns Conventional public transports showed difficulties in responding to theses new issues and suffered important decrease in patronage Conventional public transports showed difficulties in responding to theses new issues and suffered important decrease in patronage Small vehicles in a non-regulated transport offer hardly increased in median and big cities Small vehicles in a non-regulated transport offer hardly increased in median and big cities

Crisis of Public Transport Basic Elements (1) Basic Elements (1) important decreasing on public transport demand (buses and trains) general increasing in motorization regardless income class lack of resources for infra-structure investments absence of effective priority for public transport increase in alternative transport offer

Crisis of Public Transport Basic elements (2) Basic elements (2) rediscovering the low capacity vehicle (LCV) for public transport uses changes on spatial and temporal trip patterns progressive use of telematics redefinition of institutional relationships progressive metropolization of median and big cities requiring new institutional arrangements

Crisis of Public Transport Basic elements (3) Changes on transport and traffic responsibilities between state and city levels Insufficient articulation between transportation and the land use policies Lobby from non-legalized paratransit using low capacity vehicles together legalized paratransit drivers (school services, cultural, sight seen, rent and local tourism) for regulating its presence on public transport

The beginning of LCV (i) explosion at the early 90's explosion at the early 90's in satellites cities of Metropolitan Areas, state capitals and medium cities in the whole country in satellites cities of Metropolitan Areas, state capitals and medium cities in the whole country by regular private bus companies as a bypass for increase demand by regular private bus companies as a bypass for increase demand by individual and popular initiative as a response to unemployment by individual and popular initiative as a response to unemployment

The beginning of LCV (ii) Local public policies changed hardly from police restraint in the 80's to the regulation in the 90's from police restraint in the 80's to the regulation in the 90's from one single bus regulation model to a wide different Paratransit regulation models from one single bus regulation model to a wide different Paratransit regulation models

The beginning of LCV Some different Brazilian transit regulation models high quality services for distinguished users, Porto Alegre high quality services for distinguished users, Porto Alegre Free fare feeding services in one-end bus lines, Ribeirão Preto Free fare feeding services in one-end bus lines, Ribeirão Preto competitive services with bus lines, Natal competitive services with bus lines, Natal complementary services to bus system, Recife. complementary services to bus system, Recife.

Subject & Objective Subject In Recife, the regulation just implemented had a big challenge: reduce strongly the number of LCV and, at the same time, improve the quality service to the whole system In Recife, the regulation just implemented had a big challenge: reduce strongly the number of LCV and, at the same time, improve the quality service to the whole systemObjective to understand and examine some evidence from LCV regulation to understand and examine some evidence from LCV regulation

The LCV Regulation City of Recife Before 1,200 LCV (est.) 1,200 LCV (est.) 35 lines 35 lines 8 to 20 seats 8 to 20 seats Designed 252 LCV 26 lines 12 to 20 seats Recife Metropolitan Area Pop. 3,35 millions Buses: 2,200 LCV: 6,000 (estimated) 80% competing bus services 20% of market sharing Actual 84 LCV 84 LCV 11 lines 11 lines 250 pax/vehc-day 250 pax/vehc-day

The LCV Recife Regulation 1.A new network was designed affecting LCV to feed buses lines 2.LCV are in periphery areas 3.Standard supply prescribed by Public Authority 4.LCV have flexibility to fit headways and stops 5.LCV services are free fare in a cross subsidy 6.LCV operators are contracted by Public Authority 7.Tender competition with 6 years of delegation 8.Restricted to actual Autonomous operators only 9.One man one licence 10.Moral and technical exigencies in tender

General data 1.Signal of Public Authority 2.State and Local actions coordination 3.Positive people support 4.LCV Operators strongly reaction 5.Buses Demand increases in 31.4% 6.Net TP Demand increases in aprox. 10% 7.Alleviating in traffic congestion

An User’s Evaluation About the New Service A survey with users of buses and LCV services 283,525 inhabitants  LCV  44 vehicles  7 lines  11,000 passengers per day  BUSES  397 vehicles  53 lines  190,892 passengers per day

The User’s Profile 66% of women and 34% of men Recife is The familiar income is very low 80% of the users earns 3 minimum wages or less Less then Recife median Main jobs 22.5% public sector workers 12.50% commerce 13.75%, services 15% of unemployed

User’s New Service Evaluation evaluation is limited to trip time mobility (in trips a day) TRIP TIME TRIP TIME TRIP TIME TRIP TIME MOBILITY

User’s new service evaluation trip time

trip time Main reasons Better traffic due to less transit with refletions on travel time Reduction on waiting time due to better fitness to schedulling

User’s new service evaluation mobility

Conclusions Transit and paratransit must not be viewed as competitiors but complementaires planning and coordination do not be mis evaluate Actually there is a real place and a role to a LVC in our cities Integrate them will aid to solve many other organizations problems Public authority cannot be out of this regulation

Graph 1 – Transported demand in PTSP/RMR