Lecture 5 August 10, 2005 Lehninger Chapter 15 (4 th ed.) Lehninger Chapter 14 (4 th ed.) complete sections 14.2 and 14.3 skip section 14.4 for now METABOLISM OF GLYCOGEN

Galactose Galactose 1-P UDP-Glu UDP-Gal Glucose 1-P Glucose 6-P kinase Uridyl transferase epimerase phosphoglucomutase ATP ADP Enzymes required for galactose metabolism

Figure 7-14b seen by electron microscopy

3 enzymes of glycogen breakdown (Glycogenolysis) 1)glycogen phosphorylase 2)glycogen debranching enzyme 3)phosphoglucomutase

Figure 7-11 Non-reducing end Reducing end

Figure 7-10 Can reduce Cu 2+ Cannot reduce Cu 2+ Note this shows the β, not α configuration Oxidized sugar

Figure 15-3 OH

Figure 15-4 Pyridoxal phosphate cofactor

Figure 15-3 Pyridoxal phosphate cofactor

3 enzymes of glycogen breakdown (Glycogenolysis) 1)glycogen phosphorylase 2)glycogen debranching enzyme [ oligo (α1→6) to (α1→4) glucantransferase] 3)phosphoglucomutase

Figure 7-15b

Figure 15-4

Hydrolysis, NOT Phosphorolysis

3 enzymes of glycogen breakdown (Glycogenolysis) 1)glycogen phosphorylase 2)glycogen debranching enzyme 3)Phosphoglucomutase Glu-1-P ↔ Glu-6-P

Figure 15-5 Glu 1-P  Glu 6-P phosphoglucomutase

LNC 15.13

GLYCOGEN METABOLISM GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS LNC Chapter 15 (Section 1)

p. 565 UDP glucose is the activated precursor

Glu + ATP → Glu-6-P + ADP Enzymes: hexokinase I and hexokinase II in muscle, hexokinase IV (glucokinase) in liver

Glu-6-P ↔ Glu-1-P Phosphoglucomutase

Glu-1-P + UTP → UDP-Glu + PP i UDP-Glu Glu-1-P Figure 15-7

Figure Start with glycogenin, a primer and enzyme. Muscle form and Liver form (glycogenin-2) + UDP-glucose

Figure 15-11a

LNC (3 rd ed) (not found in 4 th edition)

Figure 15-8

Figure 15-9

Figure 15-11b

CONTROL OF GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS AND BREAKDOWN

Fig 15-13

phosphorylasesynthase Phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) Fructose-1,6-bis phosphatase GLYCOGEN UDP-Glu Glu-1P Glu-6P Fru-6P Fru-1,6 bis P DHAP + GAP

Fig 15-14

Covalent modifications Ligand-induced conformational changes

Fig 15-24

Fig 15-26

ATP cAMP adenyl cyclase phosphodiesterase AMP ADP

GTP cGMP guanyl cyclase phosphodiesterase

LNC 12-15

hormone Glycogen ==> Glu-1-P

Fig 15-25

Fig 15-27

Fig 15-29

2 ADPATPAMP + K = 0.44 Adenylate kinase