Real Quantum Computers Sources Richard Spillman Mike Frank Mike Frank Julian Miller Isaac Chuang, M. Steffen, L.M.K. Vandersypen, G. Breyta, C.S. Yannoni,

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
University of Strathclyde
Advertisements

Quantum Parallel Computing BY NIC & TIM: GUARDIANS OF THE HOOD.
Quantum Computing Uf H Nick Bonesteel
Trapped Ions and the Cluster State Paradigm of Quantum Computing Universität Ulm, 21 November 2005 Daniel F. V. JAMES Department of Physics, University.
Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory EECS Fall 2001 Quantum Logic Circuits John P. Hayes EECS Department University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Quantum Entanglement of Rb Atoms Using Cold Collisions ( 韓殿君 ) Dian-Jiun Han Physics Department Chung Cheng University.
ECE 497NC: Unconventional Computer Architecture Lecture 12: Quantum Computers II – Implementation Issues Nicholas Carter.
Universal Optical Operations in Quantum Information Processing Wei-Min Zhang ( Physics Dept, NCKU )
Quantum Computing Lecture 19 Robert Mann. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Quantum Computers Qubit representation: spin of an atomic nucleus Unitary evolution:
Ion Trap Quantum Computer. Two Level Atom as a qubit Electron on lower orbit Electron on higher orbit.
Quantum Computing Ambarish Roy Presentation Flow.
1 Welcome to the presentation on Computational Capabilities with Quantum Computer By Anil Kumar Javali.
NMR Quantum Information Processing and Entanglement R.Laflamme, et al. presented by D. Motter.
Image courtesy of Keith Schwab.
UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME Xiangning Luo EE 698A Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame Superconducting Devices for Quantum Computation.
Deterministic teleportation of electrons in a quantum dot nanostructure Deics III, 28 February 2006 Richard de Visser David DiVincenzo (IBM, Yorktown Heights)
Image courtesy of Keith Schwab.
Main ideas of a NMR quantum computer Advantages of NMR Nucleus is naturally protected from outside interference.Nucleus is naturally protected.
Experimental Realization of Shor’s Factoring Algorithm ‡ ‡ Vandersypen L.M.K, et al, Nature, v.414, pp. 883 – 887 (2001) M. Steffen 1,2, L.M.K. Vandersypen.
In Search of a Magic Bottle of Error-Be-Gone Dave Bacon Caltech Department of Physics Institute for Quantum Information Decoherence errosol.
Quantum Computers Todd A. Brun Communication Sciences Institute USC.
Experimental Realization of Shor’s Quantum Factoring Algorithm ‡ ‡ Vandersypen L.M.K, et al, Nature, v.414, pp. 883 – 887 (2001) M. Steffen 1,2,3, L.M.K.
Understanding 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Nuclear magnetic resonance is concerned with the magnetic properties of certain nuclei. In this course we are concerned.
By: Mike Neumiller & Brian Yarbrough
Superconducting Qubits Kyle Garton Physics C191 Fall 2009.
Quantum Devices (or, How to Build Your Own Quantum Computer)
Liquid State NMR Quantum Computing
GYROSCOPIC BEHAVIOR OF TOROIDAL FRACTAL PROTONS IN NMR prof. Ing. Pavel Ošmera, CSc. Brno University of Technology MUDr. Pavel Ošmera.
Quantum Computing David Dvorak CIS 492. Quantum Computing Overview What is it? How does it work? –The basics –Clarifying with examples Factoring Quantum.
Quantum Computing The Next Generation of Computing Devices? by Heiko Frost, Seth Herve and Daniel Matthews.
From Bits to Qubits Wayne Viers and Josh Lamkins
NMR in Medicine and Biology MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (water) In-vivo spectroscopy (metabolites) Solid-state NMR (large structures) Solution NMR.
Quantum computation: Why, what, and how I.Qubitology and quantum circuits II.Quantum algorithms III. Physical implementations Carlton M. Caves University.
NMR in Medicine and Biology
An Introduction to Quantum Phenomena and their Effect on Computing Peter Shoemaker MSCS Candidate March 7 th, 2003.
Implementation of Quantum Computing Ethan Brown Devin Harper With emphasis on the Kane quantum computer.
Introduction to quantum computation Collaboration: University of Illinois Angbo Fang, Gefei Qian (Phys) theoretical modeling John Tucker (ECE) design of.
Quantum Computing Paola Cappellaro
Atoms, Ions, Isotopes Changing atoms. Element Substance with a characteristic set of properties Examples?
Quantum Computer 電機四 鄭仲鈞. Outline Quantum Computer Quantum Computing Implement of Quantum Computer Nowadays research of Quantum computer.
Quantum Computing – Part 2 Amanda Denton – Evil Dictator Jesse Millikan – Mad Scientist Lee Ballard – Some Guy With A Beard September 30, 2001.
Quantum Computers by Ran Li.
“Experimental quantum computers” or, the secret life of experimental physicists 1 – Qubits in context Hideo Mabuchi, Caltech Physics and Control & Dynamical.
Quantum Computing and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jonathan Jones EPS-12, Budapest, August Oxford Centre for Quantum Computation
Seung Hyun Park Hyperfine Mapping of Donor Wave Function Deformations in Si:P based Quantum Devices Seung Hyun Park Advisors: Prof. Gerhard Klimeck Prof.
Quantum Computing: An Overview for non-specialists Mikio Nakahara Department of Physics & Research Centre for Quantum Computing Kinki University, Japan.
Introduction to Quantum Computing
Room-Temperature Qubits for Quantum Computing PI: Saritha Nellutla, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University PI: Gregory S. Boebinger,
1 Quantum Computation with coupled quantum dots. 2 Two sides of a coin Two different polarization of a photon Alignment of a nuclear spin in a uniform.
As if computers weren’t fast enough already…
IPQI-2010-Anu Venugopalan 1 qubits, quantum registers and gates Anu Venugopalan Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha Univeristy Delhi _______________________________________________.
Quantum Computing
Quantum Computing: An Introduction Khalid Muhammad 1 History of Quantum Computing Bits and Qubits Problems with the Quantum Machine.
An Introduction to Quantum Computation Sandy Irani Department of Computer Science University of California, Irvine.
ATOMS, IONS AND ISOTOPES…OH, MY!. ATOMS Smallest part of matter Made of proton (+) Neutron (neutral/0) Electron (-)
Quantum Computers By Ryan Orvosh.
Radioactivity Elements that emit particles and energy from their nucleus are radioactive. Some large atoms are unstable and cannot keep their nucleus together.
Suggestion for Optical Implementation of Hadamard Gate Amir Feizpour Physics Department Sharif University of Technology.
Norman Littlejohn COSC480.  Quantum Computing  History  How it works  Usage.
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide Introduction to Quantum Photonics.
Quantum gates SALEEL AHAMMAD SALEEL. Introduction.
Quantum Bits (qubit) 1 qubit probabilistically represents 2 states
Quantum Computing from theory to experiments
Poomipat Phusayangkul
Quantum Engineering & Control
Quantum Computing Dorca Lee.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Qubit Recycling in Quantum Computation
Quantum Computing Hakem Alazmi Jhilakshi Sharma Linda Vu.
Quantum Computing Andrew Krumbach Carolyn Camara
Presentation transcript:

Real Quantum Computers Sources Richard Spillman Mike Frank Mike Frank Julian Miller Isaac Chuang, M. Steffen, L.M.K. Vandersypen, G. Breyta, C.S. Yannoni, M. Sherwood C.S. Yannoni, M. Sherwood

Requirements for quantum computation 1. Robust representation of quantum information1. Robust representation of quantum information 2. Perform universal family of unitary transformations2. Perform universal family of unitary transformations 3. Prepare a fiducial initial state3. Prepare a fiducial initial state 4. Measure the output result4. Measure the output result

Outline Hurdles to building quantum computersHurdles to building quantum computers –Decoherence –Error Correction Requirements for workable quantum computersRequirements for workable quantum computers NMR quantum computersNMR quantum computers Other quantum computersOther quantum computers

Where is the market? Banks? Military? Security agencies? Physicists? Simulation of quantum systems for drug design? Why build a quantum computer?

Why not build a quantum computer?

Implications of building a quantum computer

Why is building a quantum computer so difficult?

Ion traps, 2 & 3 qubit systemsIon traps, 2 & 3 qubit systems Nuclear spins in NMR devices, 4 (5?, 6?) qubitsNuclear spins in NMR devices, 4 (5?, 6?) qubits So far: very few qubits, impracticalSo far: very few qubits, impractical A lot of current researchA lot of current research Physical implementation Two 9Be+ Ions in an Ion Trap Wineland’s group, NIST

Main Contenders 1. NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), invented in the 1940's and widely used in chemistry and medicine today1. NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), invented in the 1940's and widely used in chemistry and medicine today 2. Ion traps - single atoms2. Ion traps - single atoms 3. Optical lattices3. Optical lattices 4. Quantum dots4. Quantum dots 5. Electrons on liquid helium5. Electrons on liquid heliumetc.

Quantum Technology Requirements for Physical Implementation Quantum Technology Requirements [Di Vicenzo ‘01] 1. A Scalable physical system with well-characterized (well-defined) qubits1. A Scalable physical system with well-characterized (well-defined) qubits 2. An ability to initialize the system to Initializable to a pure basis states such as  00…0 2. An ability to initialize the system to Initializable to a pure basis states such as  00…0  3. Relatively long decoherence time, longer than the gate operation times.3. Relatively long decoherence time, longer than the gate operation times. 4. “Universal” set of quantum gates4. “Universal” set of quantum gates 5. Qubit-specific measurement capability5. Qubit-specific measurement capability Ability to faithfully communicate qubitsAbility to faithfully communicate qubits

Di Vincenzo Criteria Additional Di Vincenzo Criteria

Decoherence Quantum computations rely on being able to operate on a set of qubits in an entangled/superimposed stateQuantum computations rely on being able to operate on a set of qubits in an entangled/superimposed state –Allows computation on all possible inputs to a computation in parallel Problem: Interaction of qubits with environment affects their state, causing them to not be entangled/superimposedProblem: Interaction of qubits with environment affects their state, causing them to not be entangled/superimposed –Can partially address this by designing computer to reduce interaction with environment, but this may make it impractical (for example, running at very low temperatures) General result: a quantum computation can only proceed for a limited period of time before a measurement must be performedGeneral result: a quantum computation can only proceed for a limited period of time before a measurement must be performed –Measurement forces the system into a more-stable classical state –Measurement destroys superposition –System limited by ratio of decoherence time to operation latency

Decoherence

Decoherence

Decoherence

How decoherence happens

Decoherence-related Figure of Merit

Quantum Computer uses a single molecule Protons and Neutrons have spin. In a normal atoms these spins cancel out. In isotopes there are extra neutrons. These extra neutrons create a net positive or negative spin in an atom.

Spins and Coherence Most advanced demonstrated technology for quantum computationMost advanced demonstrated technology for quantum computation Use nuclei with spin ½ as qubitsUse nuclei with spin ½ as qubits –Spin straight up = |0> –Spin straight down = |1> –Other directions indicate superpositions of |0> and |1> –Long coherence times (seconds) Electron spins (alternate technology) have coherence times of nanosecondsElectron spins (alternate technology) have coherence times of nanoseconds –In a magnetic field, spin direction precesses about the field’s axis at a rate that is proportional to the field strength

Quantum Computer uses a single molecule A nearly ideal physical system that can be used as quantum computer is a single molecule, in which nuclear spins of individual atoms represent qubits.A nearly ideal physical system that can be used as quantum computer is a single molecule, in which nuclear spins of individual atoms represent qubits. Using NMR techniques, these spins can be manipulated, initialized and measured.Using NMR techniques, these spins can be manipulated, initialized and measured. The quantum behavior of the spins can be exploited to perform quantum computation; for example, the carbon and hydrogen nuclei in a chloroform molecule (as shown) represent two qubits.The quantum behavior of the spins can be exploited to perform quantum computation; for example, the carbon and hydrogen nuclei in a chloroform molecule (as shown) represent two qubits. Single molecule or ensamble?