The Democratization of Climate Change Science The EdGCM Project Columbia University and NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies MATC and We Energies 3rd Annual Green Colleges Workshop April 20, Mequon, Wisconsin

Democratization of Advanced Computing Putting complex models into the hands of researchers and educators who otherwise wouldn’t have advanced capabilities means the tools must be: –Highly intuitive –Free of jargon, except where its intent is instructive –Usable on existing computing resources –Inexpensive –Responsive support –Applicable to real world problems (as opposed to “toy” problems) –Tied to current events and societal needs Based on a concept by K. Droegemeier Unidata Summer Workshop 2006 Keynote

Why the need for climate modeling in the classroom? Climate models are the primary research tools used for assessing future climate change. Public policy decisions rely heavily on climate model simulations.

CAUSEEFFECT Recent Climate Change: Observed Forcings and Results Uncertain Processes Future Climate Change: Observed Forcings Uncertain Processes and Results Past Climate Change: Observed Results Uncertain Processes and Forcings

The “Keeling Curve”: CO 2 rise during the 20th Century Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory Year Carbon Dioxide (parts per million) Mauna Loa Observatory

Warmest Year on Record

Hansen, 2004 DAI

EdGCM Project Objectives 1)Allow schools to run a global climate model on a desktop computer, encouraging students to participate in the full scientific process including: experiment design, running simulations, analyzing data and reporting on results.

EdGCM Project Objectives 1)Allow schools to run a global climate model on a desktop computer, encouraging students to participate in the full scientific process including: experiment design, running simulations, analyzing data and reporting on results. 2)Facilitate collaborations between the education community and research institutions and among secondary schools and universities. In this way, students will become familiar with the role that teamwork plays in scientific research.

EdGCM Project Objectives 1)Allow schools to run a global climate model on a desktop computer, encouraging students to participate in the full scientific process including: experiment design, running simulations, analyzing data and reporting on results. 2)Facilitate collaborations between the education community and research institutions and among secondary schools and universities. In this way, students will become familiar with the role that teamwork plays in scientific research. 3)To demystify some of the complexities of how scientists are making forecasts about future climate change.

While I am prepared to accept that there may be global warming, nothing I have seen shows a causal connection. Tim, UK One of the most persistent arguments made by those who do not believe that climate change is caused by human activity is that there is "no consensus" amongst climatologists about this. Tim Dennell, Sheffield, United Kingdom Five hundred years ago the scientific consensus was that the world was flat. Thirty years ago, we were about to enter another ice age. Twenty years from now we will all have a good laugh about "global warming". Thumper31 BBC website blog - a typical day in July (2006) Addressing Public Skepticism By Reducing the Mystery of the Techniques

Global Climate Models (Henderson-Sellers, 1985)(Hansen et al., 1983) What is the “GCM” in EdGCM? Computer simulations of the Earth based on fundamental physics and empirical parameterizations

Schematic View of GCM Parameterizations

SnowballEarth_Sim2.R Model II 8/24/2000 Owner: Dr. Mark Chandler, Group: Paleoclimate Group This experiment simulates a time period approximately 600 million years ago. Object modules: MainC9 DiagC9 RadC9 FFTC9 UTILC9 Data input files: 7=G8X10_600Ma 9=NOV1910.rsf_snowball 15=O8X10_600Ma 17= 25=Modern_OceanTransports 19=CD8X10_600Ma 23=V8X10_600Ma 26=Z8X101_600Ma 21=RTAU.G25L15 22=RPLK25 29=Snowball_Earth_Regions Label and Namelist: Snowball_sim2 (Snowball Earth Experiment: 600 million years ago) &INPUTZ TAUI=10176.,IYEAR=1900, KOCEAN=1, SRCOR= , S0X=1.,CO2= , USET=0.,TAUE=35040., USESLP=-12., ISTART=3,KCOPY=2,NDPRNT=-1,TAUE=10177.,TAUP=95616., &END C** INITIALIZE SOME ARRAYS AT THE BEGINNING OF SPECIFIED DAYS fName = './prt/'//JMNTH0(1:3)//CYEAR//'.prt'//LABEL1( IF(JDAY.NE.32) GO TO 294 JEQ=1+JM/2 DO 292 J=JEQ,JM DO 292 I=1,IM 292 TSFREZ(I,J,1)=JDAY JEQM1=JEQ-1 DO 293 J=1,JEQM1 DO 293 I=1,IM 293 TSFREZ(I,J,2)=JDAY GO TO IF(JDAY.NE.213) GO TO 296 JEQM1=JM/2 DO 295 J=1,JEQM1 DO 295 I=1,IM 295 TSFREZ(I,J,1)=JDAY C**** INITIALIZE SOME ARRAYS AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH DAY 296 DO 297 J=1,JM DO 297 I=1,IM TDIURN(I,J,1)=1000. TDIURN(I,J,2)= TDIURN(I,J,3)=1000. TDIURN(I,J,4)= TDIURN(I,J,5)=0. TDIURN(I,J,6)= PEARTH=FDATA(I,J,2)*(1.-FDATA(I,J,3)) IF(PEARTH.GT.0.) GO TO 297 TSFREZ(I,J,1)=365. TSFREZ(I,J,2)= CONTINUE C**** INTEGRATE DYNAMIC TERMS 300 MODD5D=MOD(NSTEP,NDA5D) IF(MODD5D.EQ.0) CALL DIAG5A (2,0) Unix ScriptsFORTRAN Code

SnowballEarth_Sim2.R Model II 8/24/2000 Owner: Dr. Mark Chandler, Group: Paleoclimate Group This experiment simulates a time period approximately 600 million years ago. Object modules: MainC9 DiagC9 RadC9 FFTC9 UTILC9 Data input files: 7=G8X10_600Ma 9=NOV1910.rsf_snowball 15=O8X10_600Ma 17= 25=Modern_OceanTransports 19=CD8X10_600Ma 23=V8X10_600Ma 26=Z8X101_600Ma 21=RTAU.G25L15 22=RPLK25 29=Snowball_Earth_Regions Label and Namelist: Snowball_sim2 (Snowball Earth Experiment: 600 million years ago) &INPUTZ TAUI=10176.,IYEAR=1900, KOCEAN=1, SRCOR= , S0X=1.,CO2= , USET=0.,TAUE=35040., USESLP=-12., ISTART=3,KCOPY=2,NDPRNT=-1,TAUE=10177.,TAUP=95616., &END C** INITIALIZE SOME ARRAYS AT THE BEGINNING OF SPECIFIED DAYS fName = './prt/'//JMNTH0(1:3)//CYEAR//'.prt'//LABEL1( IF(JDAY.NE.32) GO TO 294 JEQ=1+JM/2 DO 292 J=JEQ,JM DO 292 I=1,IM 292 TSFREZ(I,J,1)=JDAY JEQM1=JEQ-1 DO 293 J=1,JEQM1 DO 293 I=1,IM 293 TSFREZ(I,J,2)=JDAY GO TO IF(JDAY.NE.213) GO TO 296 JEQM1=JM/2 DO 295 J=1,JEQM1 DO 295 I=1,IM 295 TSFREZ(I,J,1)=JDAY C**** INITIALIZE SOME ARRAYS AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH DAY 296 DO 297 J=1,JM DO 297 I=1,IM TDIURN(I,J,1)=1000. TDIURN(I,J,2)= TDIURN(I,J,3)=1000. TDIURN(I,J,4)= TDIURN(I,J,5)=0. TDIURN(I,J,6)= PEARTH=FDATA(I,J,2)*(1.-FDATA(I,J,3)) IF(PEARTH.GT.0.) GO TO 297 TSFREZ(I,J,1)=365. TSFREZ(I,J,2)= CONTINUE C**** INTEGRATE DYNAMIC TERMS 300 MODD5D=MOD(NSTEP,NDA5D) IF(MODD5D.EQ.0) CALL DIAG5A (2,0) Unix ScriptsFORTRAN Code Run by advanced scientific programmers on supercomputing clusters.

A Global Climate Model Relational Database (organize massive I/O) Graphical User Interface Post-Processing Software Scientific Visualization Tools Software for constructing scientific manuscripts and publishing them to the web Administrative Tools (disk management, security, links to assignments, etc.) What is EdGCM? Educational Global Climate Model

Scarsdale Teachers Institute, March 3 and 4, 2006

eJournals Image Libraries Web-based Publishing

The EdGCM Website Download EdGCM Software and Materials Electronic Forums Community and Student Showcases Development News

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The Democratization of Climate Change Science The EdGCM Project Mark Chandler NASA/GISS at Columbia University