Grafting Matt Jakubik

History ancient technique practiced as early as 1,000 BC employed widely by the Romans centuries later

Grafting two different plants are united so they grow together as one Scion - top - vegetative part Stock - bottom - root part

Scion Rootstock

Reasons for use give plants stronger more disease resistant roots cause dwarfing top working - grafting many different varieties to the limbs of one tree

Reasons for use insert different variety for cross pollination propagate plants difficult to bud

Requirements compatibility must be related to each other to enable the stock and scion to grow together

Requirements Scion wood one year old vigorous growth

Requirements Timing stock and scion should be dormant or have no leaves

Matching of tissue cambium of two matched plant parts must come in close contact with each other cambium cannot be allowed to dry out

Waterproofing immediately after making graft, cut surfaces must be covered with a waterproof grafting compound

Types of Grafts Whip Graft -- used when stock & scion are small and are the same size Cleft Graft -- used in topworking trees -- stock is usually much larger than scion

Budding Actually a form of grafting A single bud is used instead of a scion Budding is quicker 2 main types: - T-budding & Chip Budding

T-budding Scion and Rootstock must be compatible Bark must be slipping Examples: apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries, and roses

Chip Budding Very similar to T-budding Advantage: wood can be dormant, bark doesn’t have to slip Widely used for grapes

Layering

Asexual Propagation Roots are formed on a stem root while still attached to the parent plant

Asexual Propagation the stem or root which is rooted is called a layer the layer is removed from the plant only after rooting has taken place

Advantages and Disadvantages relatively simple requires more time requires a lot of work by hand fewer plants can be started from each parent plant

Advantages and Disadvantages usually very successful some plants layer naturally - raspberry

Simple Layering a branch from the parent plant is bent to the ground covered with soil at one point terminal end remains exposed

Air Layering Ancient Chinese practiced air layering process eliminates burying part of the plant in the soil

Air Layering instead, a part of the stem is girdled cut all the way around the cut is surrounded by moist sphagnum or peat moss

Air Layering Moss is wrapped with plastic to hold in place roots grow from the wound on the stem