Climbout Factor Guidance The following departure procedure and climbout guidance supplements and clarifies AFI Vol 3 and AFM It will be followed by all 86 FTS aircrews. ORM was utilized to determine the safest course of action for any given takeoff situation. While the Off- Station Climbout Factor ORM Decision Tree will assist IPs in determining the safest course of action, it is not a substitute for sound pilot judgment or common sense. If a situation arises that is not addressed in this guidance, contact the 86 FTS SUP. The following information supplements the Climbout Factor ORM Decision Tree. Notes 1. Authorized actions to meet required COF: 1) Change runways (if applicable), 2) Use 1500’ clean-up option, 3) Reduce fuel load, 4) Select zero-flap (Not authorized for student approaches), 5) Select ACM-off (this should only be used for initial take off), and 6) Wait for temperature to decrease. 2. Home airfield – Per LAFBI V4, in IMC or VMC, 2.5 climb gradient must be maintained. Aircrews will fly runway heading and intercept 12 DME arc. Arc East climbing to at least 3000’ MSL. This routing does not provide a significant buffer from obstacles. Intercept final from the arc. If using this routing, the crew must immediately notify ATC of the emergency and the intent to use this routing. This routing is not deconflicted with air traffic in the area and may present a collision hazard if coordination is not made with ATC.

Climbout Factor Guidance 3. If using the 1500’ climbout profile with 10 flaps for initial takeoff or touch and goes, crews may raise flaps at 400’ if both engines are operating normally. 4. The attached ORM Decision Tree will be used when planning initial takeoffs, touch and goes, go-arounds and missed approaches while operating at other than Laughlin AFB. 5. When using the single engine climb gradient “postage stamp” to determine the COF for a required climb gradient, the correct column must be used to ensure obstacle clearance. DOH is a valid method of ensuring obstacle clearance with no published climb gradient. DOH is an IFR altitude (MSA or MVA) minus 1000’, then take that number and subtract it from the field elevation. If a climb gradient must be maintained above 400’ or 1500’ (e.g. up to the minimum IFR altitude), then the “greater than” column (i.e. the right column) must be used. The “less than” column (i.e. the left column) only guarantees a given climb gradient up to 400’ or 1500’ respectively. Crews must maintain the profile to a minimum of the MSA minus 1000’. 6. When operating under day VMC conditions, aircrews may, with specific Sup approval, reduce the climb gradient required by 48’/nm. The SUP cannot waive the trouble T. If using this option crews will plan on returning to the departure field under VMC in the event an engine fails shortly after takeoff. Crews must ensure they have a VFR chart to help visually clear obstacles.

Profile to MSA minus 1000’ Crews must maintain the profile to a minimum of the MSA minus 1000’. So what does this mean to me? This means if you lose an engine on initial takoff at S1 you will rotate to 10 degrees nose high, after a positive rate gear up, maintain Vco to 400’(1500 option’) then level off accelerate to Vco+10 retract flaps, accelerate to Vco+15 set MCT and climb to the a safe IFR altitude as a minimum as long as you plan to return the original departure field. Note: Securing the engine should not be accomplished prior to reaching 400’ above airfield elevation and clear of obstacles.

Off-Station Climbout Factor ORM Decision Tree For Initial Takeoff, Go-Arounds, Touch-n-goes, and Missed Approaches** Can 200 ft/nm or the published climb gradient, whichever is higher, be met one engine inoperative? Yes No Evaluate/apply approved actions in Note 1 to meet required climb gradient Is there a published climb gradient? (i.e. Trouble T) Continue MissionHave all authorized actions to meet required climb gradient been considered? (See Note 1) Yes No Yes If 48 feet/NM is subtracted from published climb gradient, can reduced gradient be achieved. No Discontinue mission until more favorable conditions exist. SUP approval required. Squadron Supervisor may approve takeoff if the following conditions are met: - Calculated COF must provide a climb gradient equal to or greater than published climb gradient minus 48 feet or 152’/NM to minimum IFR altitude - VFR chart of terrain is available and crew is aware of obstacle location -VMC to min IFR altitude (MSA, MVA, etc) If IMC departure is required - If IMC departure is required, the DO (or CC) must approve the planned actions - Crew must consider DOH, known obstacles, and planned departure routing Can 2.5 gradient (152’/NM) be achieved No ** All calculated climbout factors assume one engine inoperative Yes

Cold Weather Climbout General Knowledge

Introduction Climbout RequirementsClimbout Requirements Cold WeatherCold Weather Second Segment ClimbSecond Segment Climb Example Problem (Midland, TX)Example Problem (Midland, TX) ConclusionConclusion

Climbout Requirements IFR climbs require 200 feet/NM (3.3 % gradient)IFR climbs require 200 feet/NM (3.3 % gradient) VFR climbs require 152 feet/NM (2.5 % gradient)VFR climbs require 152 feet/NM (2.5 % gradient)

Cold Weather Icing may require use of engine anti-ice on the groundIcing may require use of engine anti-ice on the ground –If required, engine anti-ice can reduce engine performance resulting up to 2.0 reduction in COF Icing may require use of wing and engine anti-ice at or above 400 feet AGL.Icing may require use of wing and engine anti-ice at or above 400 feet AGL. –Degradation of climb performance is accounted for in “Minimum Climbout Factor Required” Charts

Second Segment Climb If anti-ice is required during the climb profile, you must use the second segment climb to determine your climbout factor that is required.If anti-ice is required during the climb profile, you must use the second segment climb to determine your climbout factor that is required. –The second column of the postage stamp (or climb >400 feet)

Example Problem Midland, TXMidland, TX –Weather 5 o C5 o C Broken at 600 feet AGLBroken at 600 feet AGL 1 SM visibility with mist1 SM visibility with mist Calm windsCalm winds Altimeter 29.92Altimeter –COF required is approximately 3.3 (must subtract 2.0 for engine anti-ice reduction) = 5.3 effective COF –COF achieved is a 4.8 flap 10… ACM OFF and Anti Ice ON is not allowed. –5.6 is achieved with flap 0!

Charts for Example

152 FT/NM or 200 FT/NM – You must use the second segment climb to determine your overall climb performance.

Charts for Example

Conclusion Pay attention to your icing requirementsPay attention to your icing requirements –If icing requires use of anti-ice during the initial climb to minimum IFR altitude, use the second segment climb (or right column in the postage stamp) Be aware of the NOTES associated with our commonly used performance chartsBe aware of the NOTES associated with our commonly used performance charts Climbout only gets more difficult in the winter!!!Climbout only gets more difficult in the winter!!!