The Genetics of Synesthesia and Absolute Pitch Taryn Wassmer
Synesthesia Fig. A: a pictorial representation of color-grapheme synesthesia
Stroop Test Fig. B: displays an example of a typical Stroop Test used in testing of digit-color synesthetes
Absolute Pitch Fig. C: Planum Temporale asymmetry in musicians with absolute pitch
Familial Aggregation of Absolute Pitch
Estimation of the Genetic Component of Absolute Pitch
Whole Genome Scan of Synesthesia Fig. D: Pedigrees of families with male to male transmission of synesthesia (hatched represents unknown phenotype, asterisks represent individuals from whom DNA was obtained)
Bibliography Asher, Julian; Lamb, Janine; Brocklebank, Denise; Cazier, Jean-Baptiste; Maestrini, Elena; Addis, Laura; Sen, Mallika; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Monaco, Anthony. “A Whole-Genome Scan and Fine-Mapping Linkage Study of Auditory-Visual Synesthesisa Reveals Evidence of Linkage to Chromosomes 2q24, 5q33, 6p12, and 12p12.” The American Journal of Human Genetics. February : vol. 84: pg Athos, E; Levinson, Barbara; Kistler, Amy; Zemanzky, Jason; Bostrom, Alan; Freimer, Nelson; Gitschier, Jane. “Dichotomy and Perceptual Distortions in Absolute Pitch Ability.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Sept. 11, 2007: vol. 104: pg Baharloo, Siamak; Service, Susan; Risch, Neil; Gitshier, Jane; Freimer, Nelson. “Familial Aggregation of Absolute Pitch.” American Journal of Human Genetics. 2000: vol. 67: pg Gregersen, Peter; Kowalsky, Elena; Kohn, Nina; Marvin, Elizabeth. “Absolute Pitch: Prevalence, Ethnic Variation, and Estimation of Genetic Component.” American Journal of Human Genetics. 1999: vol. 65: pg Grossenbacher, Peter; Lovelace, Christopher. “Mechanisms of Synesthesia: Cognitive and Physiological Constraints.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2001: vol. 5: pg Kubista, Mikael; Andrade, Jose; Bengtsson, Martin; Forootan, Amin; Jonak, Jiri; Lind, Kristina; Sindelka, Radek; Sjoback, Robert; Sjogreen, Bjorn; Strombom, Linda; Stahlberg, Anders; Zoric, Neven. “The Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.” Molecular Aspects of Medicine. 2006: vol. 25: pg Laeng, Bruno; Svartdal, Frode; Oelmann, Hella. “Does Color Synesthesia Pose a Paradox for Early-Selection Theories of Attention?” Psychological Science. 2004: vol. 15: pg Rouw, Romke; Scholte, H. “Increased Structural Connectivity in Grapheme-Color Synesthesia.” Nature Neuroscience. 2007: vol. 10: pg Smilek, D.; Moffat, B.; Pasternak, J.; White, B.; Dixon, M.; Merikle, P. “Synaesthesia: A Case Study of Discordant Monozygotic Twins.” Neurocase. 2002: vol. 8: pg Syvanen, Ann-Christine. “Assessing Genetic Variation: Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.” Nature. Vol. 2: Dec. 2001: pg