Fundamentals Computing Components 01/23/15

Hardware Physical Components Bit  Open or Closed Switch  High or Low Signal  Zero or One Byte  Eight bits  One Character, such as 'A' or '1' Numbers are stored as binary numbers

Computer Components

Components Central Processing Unit (CPU)  “Brain” of Computer  Control Unit Directs operation of computer  Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) Performs computations Memory  Stores programs and data  Volatile  RAM

Data in Memory Imagine! Java: Programming Concepts in Context by Frank M. Carrano, © Pearson Education – Prentice Hall, 2010

Components Secondary Storage  Store more data.  Store long term, non-volatile  Megabyte -- one million bytes, or 2 20 Short novel  Gigabyte – one billion bytes or 2 30 Pickup truck load of books Input/Output  Input - get data from World.  Output – send data to World.

Software Programs System Software  Controls Operations of Computer  Operating System Application Software  Perform Particular Task  Payroll Program, University Grading

Programming Languages Machine Language  Binary numbers Assembly Language  Symbolic  Tied to particular type of computer High-Level Language  More Powerful  Not Tied to Particular Computer  Must be Compiled  C, C++, Java, C#, Visual Basic

Steps to Create an Executable C Program

Machine and Assembly ADDR ML LN LABEL OP OPRND *= $ AD0C06 45 LDA ADDR D BNE NOZERO C JMP ZERO NOZERO RTS 0609 E ZERO SBC #1 060B RTS 060C ADDR1.BYTE 4

Object-Oriented Languages C is Procedural Language  Organized into functions or methods. C++ is Object-Oriented  Organized into Classes and Objects

Software Development Design and Development  Analyze problem  Select an overall solution algorithm  Write program  Test and correct

Questions What does the CPU do? Give an example of software. What is the purpose of an operating system. In software development, what step comes before coding a program?

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