Health Psychology Chapter 3: Seeking Health Care

I. Theories of Healthy Behaviors Health Belief Model Theory of Reasoned Action Theory of Planned Behavior Self-Regulation Theory Precaution Adoption Process Model Transtheoretical Model

Health Belief Model Susceptibility to disease _____________ of disease Benefits of behaviors Barriers to behaviors Problems: ignores SES, ethnicity, access to health care, social norms, good intentions

Theory of Reasoned Action Attitude toward behavior Subjective norm –DFN: perception of social pressure Motivation to comply ___________________ Prob: ignores ethnicity, SES, access to health care

Theory of Planned Behavior Theory of Reasoned Action + Perceived ______________

Self-Regulation Theory (Bandura’s social cognitive theory) Behavior Environmentall interact Personal Factors –e.g., cognition DFN: reciprocal determinism = interaction of factors, all have effects on ______________________

Precaution Adoption Process Model (Weinstein’s) 7 stages: –________________ –aware but believe not at risk (optimistic bias) –accept personal risk & idea of precaution –action –(believe action is unnecessary) –made changes –maintain changes

Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska’s) 5 stages of behavior change: –precontemplation –contemplation –preparation –action –___________________

II. Seeking Medical Attention DFN: Illness behavior = ______________, determining health status DFN: Sick role behavior = ____________, trying to get well

A. Illness Behavior Personal reluctance –don’t want to see a doctor Social & demographic factors –Less likely to see dr: men, poor, young, *Tuskegee ______________________ –visible, severe, interfering, persistent Personal view of illness

Views of Illness Develop as we mature: –“magic” –contagion –personal _______________________ –interaction of bio, psych, & social

Conceptualizing Illness (Leventhal) 4 components: –identify/label –time course (of disease & tx) –consequences –cause People feel less anxious & helpless when they _________________

B. Sick Role Conceptualizations Parson’s- Typical __________________: –can’t be blamed for being sick –relieved of normal responsibilities –will try to get well Segall’s (alternative ideas) –right to make health decisions –right to be relieved of normal responsibilities –duty to use variety of health care resources

C. Choosing a Practitioner What’s important? –___________________

III. Being in the Hospital A.The Hospitalized Patient Role Nonperson Tx = ______________

Lack of info –Leventhal’s 4 Loss of control –__________________ = every aspect of person’s life is managed (e.g., eating, sleeping, schedule)

“Good” vs. “Bad” Patient Good: –quiet –submissive –obedient Pros: maybe better care, well liked, expect.s Cons: helplessness, uninvolved, pt & staff may miss info

Bad: –demanding –insist on info –aware of rights Pros: may be a psych. healthy response, better informed Cons: rebellious self-sabotage, staff angry & ignoring

Stressful Medical Procedures- Coping Information Relaxation Training _______________