Usability and Evaluation Dov Te’eni

Figure ‎ 7-2: Attitudes, use, performance and satisfaction AttitudesUsePerformance Satisfaction Perceived usability & behavior) Perceived usefulness (intentions

1. Goal achievement indicators (success rate, failure rate, accuracy, effectiveness). 2. Work rate indicators (speed, completion rate, efficiency, productivity, productivity gain). 3. Operability indicators of the user's ability to make use of the systems features (error rate, problem rate, function usage) 4. Knowledge acquisition indicators of the user's ability and effort in learning to use the system (learnability and learning period). Usability indicators based on performance

1. Time to complete a task 2. Number of user commands to complete task 3. Fraction of task completed 4. Fraction of task completed in a given time 5. Number of errors 6. Time spent on errors 7. Frequency of online help used Usability measures based on performance and HCI

8. Number of available commands not used 9. When task is repeated, ratio of successes to failures 10.Fraction of positive comments made by user 11.Fraction of good to bad features recalled by user 12.Number of expressions of frustration and satisfaction 13.Number of times user loses control over system 14. Number of times the user needs to devise a way of working around the problem/system. Usability measures based on performance and HCI (cont.)

 Know the user  Analyze competing products  Set usability goals  Consider alternative designs  Engage in participatory design  Coordinate the total interface  Check against heuristic guidelines  Prototype  Evaluate interface  Design in iterations * Follow up with studies of installed systems The usability engineering life cycle

1. Using a microcomputer could provide me with information that would lead to a better decisions. 2. I wouldn't use a microcomputer because programming it would take too much time. 3. I'd like to use a microcomputer because it is oriented to user needs. 4. I wouldn't use a microcomputer because it is too time consuming. 5. Using a microcomputer would take too much time away from my normal duties. 6. Using a microcomputer would involve too much time doing mechanical operations (e.g., programming, inputting data) to allow sufficient time for managerial analysis. 7. A microcomputer would be of no use to me because of its limited computing power. 8. I'd like to learn about ways that microcomputers can be used as aids in managerial tasks. 9. Using a microcomputer would result in a tendency to over design simple tasks. 10. I wouldn't want to have a microcomputer at work because it would distract me from my normal job duties. Attitude questionnaire

1. A microcomputer would give me more opportunities to obtain the information that I need 2. I wouldn't favor using a microcomputer because there would be a tendency to use it even when it was more time consuming than manual methods. 3. I'd like to have a microcomputer because it is so easy to use. 4. I'd hesitate to acquire a microcomputer for my use at work because of the difficulty of integrating it with existing information systems. 5. I'd discourage my company from acquiring microcomputers because most application packages would need to be modified before they could be useful in our specific situation. 6. It is easy to access and store data in a microcomputer. 7. A microcomputer would be of no use to me because of the limited availability of application program packages. 8. A microcomputer would be of no use to me because of its small storage capacity. 9. It is easy to retrieve or store information from/to a microcomputer. 10. Using a microcomputer would give me much greater control over important information.

1.Create simple and natural dialog 2.Speak the user's language 3.Minimize the user's memory load 4.Be consistent 5.Provide feedback 6.Provide clearly marked exits 7.Provide shortcuts 8.Provide specific, corrective and positive error messages 9.Minimize propensity for error Heuristic guidelines

1) Exploratory vs. model based. 2) Design or implementation. 3) Field study vs. laboratory testing. 4) Design vs. use. 5) Level of performance measures. 6) Degree of designed manipulation and intrusion. Evaluation techniques classified

Task description from the first-time user’s viewpoint. Include any special assumptions about the state of the system assumed when the user begins work. Action sequence: Make a numbered list of the atomic actions that the user should perform to accomplish the task. Anticipated users: Briefly describe the class of users who will use this system. Note what experience they are expected to have with similar or previous versions. User’s initial goals: List the goals the user is likely to form when starting the task. If there are other likely goals list them, and estimate for each what percentage of user are likely to have them. Cognitive walkthrough start up (from Polson)

 Typing mistakes made before correction  Mistakes remaining  Pauses of 3 seconds or more immediately before mode change  Other pauses of 3 seconds or more  Length of pause immediately before mode change  Attempting to type-over whilst in insert mode  Attempting to insert whilst in type-over mode Measures for comparing displays

) Effectiveness = (Quantity * Quality) % User effectiveness Expert task time 2) Relative efficiency * % Expert effectiveness User task time 3) Productive period = [ (Task time-Total problem time - Learning time) ]/ Task time 4) Problem rate = Number of problems encountered / Task time 6) Complexity factor = Number of calls for assistance Learning time +Total problem time Number of actions undertaken Task time