The 1930s － The Red Decade Dos Passos ’ U.S.A. and Steinbeck ’ s The Grapes of Wrath an authentic account of the American experience in the debilitating.

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The 1930s － The Red Decade Dos Passos ’ U.S.A. and Steinbeck ’ s The Grapes of Wrath an authentic account of the American experience in the debilitating years of the Depression. the "radical" 30's—A dim decade, a dark time, a decade that features the Great Depression and rural poverty.

Destitute pea pickers in California. A Migrant Mother

John Dos Passos( ) "I regard John Dos Passos as the greatest writer of our time” Jean Paul Sartre the leading writer of the Depression

His Political Outlook: P261 The First Period: Writing for the oppressed Communist-oriented A red radical revolutionary The Second Period: a New Dealer, dismissed communism but the attack on capitalism remained vehement The Third Period: his complete change to conservatism in the fifties

Major Works Manhattan Transfer (1925) ( a realistic attack upon urban life) Trilogy U.S.A. : The 42nd Parallel (1930), 1919 (1932), The Big Money (1936) Trilogy District of Columbia: Adventures of a Young Man (1939) Number One (1943) The Grand Design (1949) Three Soldiers (1921)

U.S.A. Trilogy

U.S.A.----A Collectivist Novel Unique for its epic scale and panoramic social sweep, the trilogy U.S.A. creates an unforgettable collective portrait of modern America. "One of the cornerstone achievements of American literature, a work of such scope and ambition that it seems imbued with the very essence of its place and time.” — Newsday

Newsreel: constructed collages of actual newspaper headlines, news story fragments, bits and pieces of political speeches, song lyrics and so on Techniques ( experimental literary devices) P263 Camera Eye: stream-of-consciousness fragments depicting the developing awareness of a sensitive person Biography : Portraits of a number of real people

Newsreel: gives an inkling of the common mind of the epoch. Portraits of a number of real people: their lives seem to embody so well the quality of the soil in which Americans of these generations grew. The Camera Eye: aims to indicate the position of the observer

His Contribution Dos Passos’s style of emphasizing history and current events in his narrative and his striving to produce an all-encompassing portrait of the America of his time influenced many later writers of the twentieth century, including Jean-Paul Sartre, Norman Mailer. P264

JOHN STEINBECK ( ) 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humor and keen social perception. ”

Steinbeck’s words The writer's first duty was to “set down his time as nearly as he can understand it” and serve as “the watch-dog of society... to satirize its silliness, to attack its injustices, to stigmatize its faults."

STEINBECK ’s Birthplace

Steinbeck Center, Salinas

Major Works Tortilla Flat (1935) In Dubious Battle (1936) Of Mice and Men (1937) The Long Valley (1938) The Grapes of Wrath (1939) The Moon Is Down (1942) East of Eden (1952) Travels with Charley: In Search of America (1962)

Scenes like this one, of an 18- year-old mother from Oklahoma at a California migrant camp, inspired Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath.

THE EPIC STORY OF THE JOAD FAMILY'S MIGRATION FROM THE OKLAHOMA DUST BOWL TO THE PROMISED LAND OF CALIFORNIA

awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1940 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in Set during the Great Depression, the novel focuses on a poor family of sharecroppers, the Joads, driven from their Oklahoma home by drought, economic hardship, and changes in the agriculture industry. In a nearly hopeless situation, they set out for California's Salinas Valley along with thousands of other "Okies" in search of land, jobs and dignity.

Themes 1. Man’s Inhumanity to Man 2. The Saving Power of Family and Fellowship “twenty families became one family, the children were the children of all. The loss of home became one loss, and the golden time in the West was one dream.” 3. The Dignity of Wrath 4. The Multiplying Effects of Selfishness and Altruism P265&6

Features Structure: P two blocks of material; A. the westward trek of the Joads B. the dispossessed Oklahomans &the general picture of the Great Depression 2. the intercalary chapters 3. the Bible indicated A. three sections correspond to “The Exodus” B. symbols: the grapes, Rose of Sharon, Ma Joad, stillborn child

Symbols 1. Grapes The grapes of hope: a new and better way of life The festering grapes of wrath are filling and growing heavy, growing heavy for the vintage. P266

2. Rose of Sharon’s Pregnancy the promise of a new beginning The way in which Uncle John disposes of the child’s corpse recalls Moses being sent down the Nile. The image suggests that the family, like the Hebrews in Egypt, will be delivered from the slavery of its present circumstances. P268

Henry Fonda as Tom Joad and Jane Darwell as Ma Joad in the 1940 John Ford film The Grapes of Wrath.