English dialect typology Melchers and Shaw p.16: Trudgill and Hannah 1982: ‘English-based’: England, Wales, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa ‘American-based’: USA and Canada ‘Scottish-based’: Scotland and N. Ireland ‘Irish-based’: Ireland
Melchers and Shaw p.17: Wells - typology Ireland England & S.H. AmericaScotland
Wells p. 181 Wells - typology
The four part-systems (RP) Lax vowels Tense vowels
1
Provincial southern Irish English; also Jamaica and Barbados Wells - typology RP (Wells 182) Type I: Most conservative. No centring diphthongs; vowels from B-system used before r. Vowel-length is important.
2
Type II Augmented D-system because of R- Dropping. Vowel length. (Wells 182) Most accents of England and Wales including RP; Southern Hemisphere accents (118) Wells - typology RP
3
North America: GenAm and Canada Wells - typology RP Type III. No centring diphthongs: vowels from A-stem before r. Vowel-length unimportant; LOT belongs to D. (Wells 182)
4
Wells p. 182: Scotland and N.Ireland Wells - typology RP Type IV. Different system of vowel-length. TRAP and LOT are in D, FOOT is in C. No R-Dropping; no centring diphthongs
I. Ireland II. England and S. Hem III. N. America IV Scotland
I. Ireland II. England and S. Hem III. N. America IV Scotland