Chemical Basis of Life Chapter 2. Chemistry Matter is made up of separate chemical components –Chemistry = Interactions between atoms/molecules.

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Presentation transcript:

Chemical Basis of Life Chapter 2

Chemistry Matter is made up of separate chemical components –Chemistry = Interactions between atoms/molecules

Sub-cellular concepts Matter Atoms Elements Natural elements –About 25 essential for life –H,O,N,C = 96% of human body –Trace elements

Atomic Structure 3 Basic subatomic particles. –Proton –Electron –Neutrons Atomic Number Atomic Mass

Periodic Table of Elements

Isotopes different forms of same element. Same number of Protons, but different mass Radioactive Isotopes

Electrons (e - ) Arranged in shells Valence Hydrogen (H) Atomic number = 1 Electron Carbon (C) Atomic number = 6 Nitrogen (N) Atomic number = 7 Oxygen (O) Atomic number = 8 Outermost electron shell (can hold 8 electrons) First electron shell (can hold 2 electrons) Reactivity

Chemical Bonding – Ionic Bonds Form between Ions of opposite charge NaCl –One atom gives up e - (cation). –One atom recieves e - (anion). –Results in filled outer shells for both.

Chemical Bonding – Ionic Bonds

Ionic Bond Animation

Chemical Bonding: Covalent Bonds Result from electron sharing. –1 or more pairs of outer shell electrons. –Number of possible bonds = number needed to fill outer shell.

Covalent Bond Animation

Water Polar molecule –Electronegativity –Polar covalent bonds

Chemical Bonding – Hydrogen Bonds Attraction between the (+) and (-) ends of a molecule Weak bonds Hydrogen = positive end Oxygen = negative end

Hydrogen Bonding Animation

Unique Properties of Water Cohesion Adhesion Resistant to temperature change

Molecular Structure Structural formula Ball and stick

More Definitions Solutions –Solvent –Solute Aqueous solution = Water is the solvent –Water = Universal solvent –Results from the Polarity

pH (potential of Hydrogen) H 2 O dissociates into H + and OH - (hydroxide) ions –Acids –Bases pH scale

pH Scale

Chemical Reactions Processes producing chemical changes in matter –Reactants –Products Matter cannot be created or destroyed Energy flow 2 H 2 O2O2 2 H 2 O

Types of Chemical Reactions Oxidation-Reduction (redox) –Ex. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO H 2 O + ATP

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