FRONT CLASSROOM A FC D E B IG H Please, join your groups and reintroduce yourself if needed. NATS 101 : “The World We Create” 01/19

UNIT 1: Energy Sources, Conventional or Alternative?

WeekTopics 2 Jan How are we using our natural sources of energy? Where does most energy we use come from? 3 Jan Where does chemical energy come from? Where does nuclear energy come from? 4 Feb 2-4 Where does nuclear energy come from? What are the risks and benefits of using nuclear energy? 5 Feb 9-11 What other energy source can we use? UNIT 1: Energy Sources, Conventional or Alternative?

 Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable sources of energy;  Describe the basic characteristics of a fossil fuel;  Give examples of fossil fuels;  Discuss the problems associated with the current distribution of the world’s petroleum reserves and consumption. What will you learn today?

Sources of Energy In your groups: –Define what you understand by: “source of energy” and “renewable” and “non-renewable” sources of energy.” –Brainstorm different sources of energy that we commonly use. –Arrange them in order from least to most used. You Have 6 Minutes Select a note taker and a spokesperson

Sources of Energy Petroleum 39.8% Natural Gas 23.0% Coal 22.5% Nuclear 8.2% Sun 0.06% Wind 0.14% Geothermal Sources 0.34% Hydropower 2.72% Biomass 2.83% Systems we use to do work or generate heat.

Sources of Energy Renewable Non-Renewable Energy obtained from sources that can be replenished in a “short” period of time. Energy obtained from sources that cannot be replenished in a short period of time. They are used once, and then they are gone.

Sources of Energy Which of these sources are renewable and which are non- renewable? Petroleum – 39.8% Geothermal – 0.34% Natural Gas – 23.4% Sun – 0.06% Coal – 22.5% Wind – 0.14% Nuclear – 8.2% Hydropower – 2.72% Biomass / Waste – 2.83% What percentage of our energy comes from renewable sources? What percentage of our energy is obtained through combustion? What are the implications of these results? You have 10 minutes Select a note taker and a spokesperson

Sources of Energy Which of these sources are renewable and which are non-renewable? What percentage of our energy comes from renewable sources? What percentage of our energy is obtained though combustion? What are the implications of these results? COMBUSTION ~ 88.5% Non-Renewable Petroleum – 39.8% Natural Gas – 23.4% Coal – 22.5% Nuclear 8.2% TOTAL ~ 93.9% Renewable Geothermal – 0.34% Sun – 0.06% Wind – 0.14% Hydropower – 2.72% Biomass / Waste – 2.83% TOTAL ~ 6.09%

Sources of Energy Non-renewable sources account for 93.5% of our energy, 8.2% of which comes from nuclear energy. 85.7% come from FOSSIL FUELS!!!!! Non-renewable = 93.9% Renewable = 6.09%

Fossil Fuels Fuels formed in the ground from the remains of dead plants and animals. It takes millions of years to form fossil fuels: Oil, natural gas, coal. Fossil fuels contain a large proportion of hydrocarbons: chemical compounds made of Hydrogen (H) and Carbon (C). C H When hydrocarbons burn (combustion) they generate energy, plus carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O): CH 4 (g) + 2 O 2 (g)  CO 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O(l)

Examples We are using natural gas to power vehicles. Natural gas, composed mainly by methane (CH 4 ), is one of the “cleaner” fossil fuels. Methane CH 4 FinalFinal InitialInitial C H O N

2 C 3 H 8 O(g) + 9 O 2 (g)  6 CO 2 (g) + 8 H 2 O(l) Isopropanol (Rubbing Alcohol) Examples Let’s Burn it What differences would you expect to see? Why?

The King of All Fuels: Petroleum Petroleum is the largest source of energy in the US, accounting for 39.8%; Petroleum is a mixture of many different substances which must be refined and separated before use; It provides the building blocks required to create many materials;

Petroleum Petroleum is used primarily for two things:Materials Synthesis Used to make plastics, fibers, medicines, from your clothes, to your new iPod Nano! 16% Petroleum use Power Generation Used to fuel many things, from cars, to furnaces, to electricity generation. 84% Petroleum use

Petroleum: Who has it? Who Wants it? Because of it’s many uses, petroleum is in high demand throughout the world. There is a limited amount of petroleum in the world. The majority of petroleum reserves are concentrated in a small portion of the world. This is why petroleum has been a large source of conflict between nations over the years. LET’S EXPLORE THIS!

WHO HAS THE OIL AND WHO USES IT?

Who has it? Who Wants it?  What regions do have the most and the least petroleum relative to its population?  What regions do consume the most and the least petroleum relative to what they have?  What information in the map do you find surprising? First, let’s see what the data tell us: You have 5 minutes Select a note taker and a spokesperson

WHO HAS THE OIL AND WHO USES IT?

What possible consequences: Economic Social Political concerning petroleum use are suggested by these comparisons? (at least one of each) Think of current and future issues associated with the distribution of oil and its use. Think, for example: What may happen as China develops? What could happen if the US loses access to Middle East reserves? ETC Who has it? Who Wants it? Then, let’s see what the data implies: You have 10 minutes Select a note taker and a spokesperson