SCOUT-O3 BALLOON/SONDES CAMPAIGN NIAMEY 26 JULY- 26 AUGUST 2006 J. P. Pommereau, A. Garnier and SCOUT-O3 team Objectives: Convective transport across tropopause associated to MCS Chemistry, dehydration, microphysics in TTL

20 km 10 km 0 km Slow descent (in situ) Nighttime MCS (remote) Balloons Flight permissions required CNES test flight Niamey, Nov 05

Type of Balloon Flights (1/3) Type 1: Water vapour (in situ) µSDLA (H2O, CH4), LABS (BKS, depolar), µDirac (tracers, VSLS) 12 SF balloon, ascent in the afternoon to 25 km, slow nighttime descent 2m/s down to 13.5 km + large parachute 3 Flights: nighttime, 2 MCS, 1 non convective as reference Type 2: Ice and aerosols (in situ) OPC (size distribution), LABS (BKS, depolar), µDirac (tracers) 5 SF balloon, launch at anytime, ascent to 23 km, slow descent 2 m/s down to 13.5 km, 2 Flights: anytime, next to MCS

Type of Balloon Flights (2/3) Type 3: Anvils and Cirrus (remote) µlidar (cirrus, anvil), IR Radiometer (brightness temp), SAOZ (H2O, cirrus, O3, NO2 et sunset), AIRS (electric field, lightning and blue- jet flashes) 3 SF balloon, ascent in the afternoon to km, overnight flight as long as possible 3 Flights: nighttime MCS Type 4: Chemistry SAOZ-N (O3, NO2), SAOZ-UV (BrO), µDirac (Tracers and VSLS organic), NILUCUBE (Photolysis rates) 10 ZL balloon, afternoon launch, ascent to 30 km, end after sunsetdown 2 Flights: daytime, MCS outflow

Type of Balloon Flights (3/3) UWyo (NSF funded flight, operated by Uwyo + help CNES) Double OPC + ozone sonde 4000 m3 Raven balloon, ascent / descent 33 km 1 Flight: anytime

200 km Ascent / descent: <100 km recovery in Niger (Type 4, 5 and Wyo) Slow descent: 200 km in Burkina (Type 1, 2) Overnight float: up to 300 km in Burkina (Type 3) Niamey-Ouaga = 400 km

Planning July: installation July: Ice and aerosol 1, Water vapour 1, UWyo 31-July-5 Aug: Chemistry 1, Anvil and cirrus Aug: Water vapour 2, Ice and aerosol Aug: Anvil and cirrus 2, Chemistry 2, Chemistry/transport TBC) Aug: Water vapour 3, Anvil and cirrus week for recovery and repair between 2 flights of same instrument - Date of flights highly dependent on meteorology

SCOUT-AMMA sondes programme - up to 15 heavy sondes on Raven 1500 m3 balloons (about 30 km ascent/descent), 10kg, flight permission required Backscatter sondes + ECC ozonesondes + Flash Lyman alpha hygrometer + GPS / ARGOS for location and recovery (recovery if possible) - 20 ECC ozonesondes, RS92 H-Humicap Operations: DMI / CNRS / CAO Ozone sondes near and between MCS Nightime only for BKS and Flash Flights in parallel to balloons, Link with ARM soundings ? SCOUT sondes launch time, transmission frequency Coord. with Tower at civil airport ?

Flight decision strategy From Day-3 : AOC Web site (levels up to 50 hPa), ARM, MCS prediction, speed, local time D-1: 11h30 to 12h00 CNES Met Briefing, military airport Balloon and sonde flight option(s) for D0 Science, Simulations of balloon trajectories from ECMWF (CNES) NOTAM after briefing Safety : population density Recovery to be organized D0 11h30 to 12h00 CNES Met Briefing, military airport Balloon and sonde flight confirmation for D0 afternoon-early evening MSG(15 min) + MCS tracking, ARM RS Surface wind and rain prediction Update of trajectory prediction D0 launch time – 2 to 3h (1h for sondes) Decision of attempt Radar, MCS tracking, surface wind, rain Final Met briefing Deployment of equipment on the field H-20’: Decision of inflation (irreversible)

CNES Stratospheric balloons Université Wyoming flight BKS/H2O Sondes Ozonesondes Balloon volume<12000 m34000 m3 sealed (10 kg) 1400 m3200 m3 Altitude km33 km30 km max Payload weight kg45 kg6 kg + 2kg2.5 kg Flight duration3-10 h2h 15 min2 h Max. Range250 km West50 km West Measured Parameters Clouds, Water vapour, Tracers, Chemistry Aerosols, Ozone Clouds Water vapour Ozone DeploymentNiamey, 10 flights 24/07-26/08 Niamey, 1 flights 20/07-02/08 Niamey flights 24/07- 26/08 Niamey 20 flights 20/07-26/08 Objectives: Convective transport across tropopause associated to MCS Chemistry, dehydration, microphysics in TTL