Chromosomes carry genetic information

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Nucleic Acids, DNA Replication, and Protein Synthesis

Advertisements

Molecular Biology - expanding on macromolecules, DNA, RNA DNA and RNA –Macromolecules –Polymers of nucleotides –Double stranded or single stranded –Sugar-phosphate.

13.3: RNA and Gene Expression

Goal: Students will be able to explain how DNA was identified as the genetic material, describe the basic processes of replication, transcription, and.

Genes as DNA: How Genes Encode Proteins

Chapter 12 How Genes Work.

How does DNA work? Building the Proteins that your body needs.

What is the structure of DNA? Hw Q 1-4 p. 299.

DNA Structure and Function. DNA Genetic instructions –Passed on Genes encode proteins –Gene = information –Protein = action hero (does the work)

SC.912.L.16.5 Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation.

CHAPTER 12 STUDY GUIDE MATER LAKES ACADEMY MR. R. VAZQUEZ BIOLOGY

Chapter 11 DNA and GENES. DNA: The Molecule of Heredity DNA, the genetic material of organisms, is composed of four kinds nucleotides. A DNA molecule.

 DNA must be copied (before a cell divides)  The DNA molecule produces 2 IDENTICAL new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing: A-T,

DNA, RNA, and Proteins Section 3 Section 3: RNA and Gene Expression Preview Bellringer Key Ideas An Overview of Gene Expression RNA: A Major Player Transcription:

Protein Synthesis: Protein Synthesis: Translation and Transcription EQ: What is the Central Dogma and what processes does it involve? Describe processes.

Standard Biology Ch. 28 DNA- Life’s Code

DNA Structure and Protein Synthesis (also known as Gene Expression)

5.4: Genes, DNA, and Proteins 7.1.a Students know cells function similarly in all living organisms.

RNA Structure and Function. Another Nucleic Acid?? Meet RNA  Monomer: Polymer:  What are some differences between DNA and RNA?

DNA, RNA. Genes A segment of a chromosome that codes for a protein. –Genes are composed of DNA.

Gene Expression Gene: contains the recipe for a protein 1. is a specific region of DNA on a chromosome 2. codes for a specific mRNA.

 A very large molecule, found in the chromosomes of all cells  Carries the genetic code - all the instructions for the structure and functioning of.

Reading DNA The DNA molecule has the same basic structure and function in all living things. It carries the instructions for building and operating an.

DNA: Replication, Transcription, and Translation.

How does DNA copy itself?. The DNA molecule “unzips” as the rungs of the ladder separate and the molecule splits into two single strands. How DNA copies.

DNA Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid – is the information code to make an organism and controls the activities of the cell. –Mitosis copies this code so that all.

DNA What is the Function of DNA?. Nucleic Acids : Vocab Translation page 183Translation Transcription Protein Synthesis RNA DNA Complementary Introns.

DNA and RNA DNA and RNA. DNA DNA -Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA -Deoxyribonucleic acid The nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic information.

Modern Genetics How information is passed from parents to offspring.

Biochemical Composition Evidence of Evolutionary Relationships.

Genetics Cell DivisionClassical Genetics Transcription & Translation Nucleic AcidsPotpourri

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Page 300. A. Introduction 1. Chromosomes are a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of.

Protein Synthesis Gene Expression. Protein Synthesis The process of making proteins… Boring stuff? Nope This is how the information in your genes is used.

DNA: WHAT IS IT, and WHAT IS ITS STRUCTURE? DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid, a coiled double helix molecule. Genes are made of DNA. All of your genetic Information.

Transcription and Translation

DNA AND GENETICS Chapter 12 Lesson 3. Essential Questions What is DNA? What is the role of RNA in protein production? How do changes in the sequence of.

SC.912.L.16.3 DNA Replication. – During DNA replication, a double-stranded DNA molecule divides into two single strands. New nucleotides bond to each.

Genetic Control By Idura.

Molecular Genetics Transcription & Translation

What is a genome? The complete set of genetic instructions (DNA sequence) of a species.

Protein Synthesis.

Life’s Instruction Manual or What Genes are Made Of

DNA Replication.

Section 3: RNA and Gene Expression

Gene Expression Gene: contains the recipe for a protein

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

DNA Test Review.

4.4 Cells use DNA and RNA to make proteins

Unit 7 “DNA & RNA” 10 Words.

DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis

Objective(s): I can define genes and describe their functions.

GENETICS (Geneology) the study of “genes” Inheritable traits that

Life’s Instruction Manual or What Genes are Made Of

CHAPTER 12 Review.

Protein Synthesis Lecture 5

DNA Structure and Replication

KEY CONCEPT DNA replication copies the genetic information of a cell.

DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

How genes on a chromosome determine what proteins to make

Notes: RNA (pg. 5) RNA – Ribonucleic Acid

STAAR Notebook 2.

An Overview of Gene Expression

DNA, Chromosomes & Genes

Animation: DNA makes DNA

Presentation transcript:

Chromosomes carry genetic information Body cells contain two copies of each chromosome. Humans have 23 different chromosomes (46 total chromosomes). Gametes contain one copy of each chromosome.

Each chromosome contains many genes. Genes are made of DNA. Genes code for proteins. Different cells express different genes.

Different cells express different genes Red blood cells express the gene that codes for hemoglobin. Each gene codes for a different protein (one gene : one protein).

Humans have approximately 100,000 different genes The Human Genome Project has cataloged thousands of genes. A computer monitor displays DNA being sequenced. The four colors represent the four chemicals that make up the instructions for DNA. Source: http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/genome/

Genes are transcribed to RNA

Transcription and Translation: Processes that produce proteins from genes Transcription: DNA to RNA. RNA is a nucleic acid like DNA. Nucleic acid “language” to nucleic acid language. Translation: RNA to Amino Acid. Nucleic acid “language” to amino acid “language.” Proteins are the product and proteins are traits.

The Genetic Code Combinations of bases 3-letters long code for amino acids. The code is redundant but not ambiguous. (different combinations of bases code for the same amino acid)

DNA replication uses each strand as a template to make new strands Original molecule: two strands of DNA forming a double helix. New strands are built by complementary base pairing New strands are identical to original strands

Changes in DNA: Mutations Mutations result from changes in DNA sequence. If a mutation occurs in a gene it can change the resulting protein Most mutations are harmful.

A single change at the level of DNA can change protein function Sickle cell disease. Genes come in different versions. WHY? Each person has two copies of each gene. WHY?