HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER ONE: Biology: Exploring Life

Biology The Scientific Study of Life

Characteristics of Life An organism must have all seven of these in order to be considered as living. 1. Order 2. Reproduction 3. Growth and development 4. Energy Processing 5. Respond to the Environment 6. Regulation 7. Evolutionary adaptation Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life youtube 5:24

1.ORDER Living things are made of cells These units help to organize their materials.

Examples of Cells Nerve cell Red blood cell Fat cell Egg and sperm Cheek cell

2. REPRODUCTION Why is this so important? How do plants reproduce? How do animals reproduce? pollen Egg and sperm Euglena separate

Types of Reproduction Asexual/Sexual Reproduction Animation Asexual/Sexual Reproduction Animation Sexual Reproduction Two parents unite to form a new organism Asexual Reproduction A single parent divides itself two produce offspring

3. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Living things are based on a universal genetic code (DNA). All living things have the same bases (A, T, C, G) in their DNA-they are just in different order

Each organism has a pattern of growth and development characteristic of its species. Tadpole + Flatfish metamorphosisTadpole + Flatfish metamorphosis Crecropia Moth Life Cycle VideoCrecropia Moth Life Cycle Video

4. ENERGY PROCESSING Organisms take in energy and transform it to perform all of life’s activities. -metabolism (burn food) -photosynthesis (make food) Cellular Respiration-PearsonCellular Respiration-Pearson (4:29)

5. RESPOND TO THE ENVIRONMENT All organisms respond to environmental stimuli. YouTube - Venus flytrap eating a spiderYouTube - Venus flytrap eating a spider Bozeman Response to EnvironmentBozeman Response to Environment

Stimulus-Response A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds.

6. REGULATION Living Things Maintain a Stable Internal Environment The environment may change, but regulatory mechanisms maintain an organisms’ internal environments within limits that sustain life. Sunbathing lemur on a cool morning Homeostasis- ability of an organism to maintain stability

7. EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION Taken as a group, living things change over time. Adaptations evolve to allow greater reproductive success Homer Simpson Evolution

Characteristics of Life Activity

1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION BiosphereAll environments on earth that support life (all earth living and areas around) EcosystemAll living organisms and nonliving in a particular area CommunityAll living organisms in an ecosystem PopulationAll individuals of one species living in one area

1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION (cont.) OrganismAn individual (one) living thing Organ system Several organs that cooperate for a specific function OrganMade of several tissues to perform a specific function TissueMade of several cells that perform a particular function

1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION (cont.) CellFundamental unit of life OrganelleMembrane-enclosed structure that performs a specific function in a cell MoleculeCluster of atoms held by chemical bonds AtomBasic unit of matter

PUT IN ORDER LARGEST TO SMALLEST Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism Organ Systems Organs Tissues Cells Organelle Molecules

Go to Levels of Life Pictures Power Point (then back here to activity)

Name the Level of Organization

HONORS BIOLOGY VOCABULARY Inference = logical interpretation of the situation (may involve experiences and judgments) Observation = using your senses (and tools) to gather information

What’s the Difference? SCIENCE An approach on understanding the world as it is Gravity Biology Physics geology TECHNOLOGY Applied scientific knowledge for a specific purpose Medicine Computers Aeronautics Bioengineering

Inference or Observation? 1. The person in the front of the room is the teacher. 2. There are 25 students in the room. 3. The crickets like to eat lettuce. 4. 8/12 crickets were found at the lettuce in a 2 minute period.

ADD “Emergent Properties” What does it mean that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?” How is a person different than just its blood or its muscles? How is population of people in Hudson different than just one person (you)?

EXAMPLES BEE HIVE One bee does limited jobs, but together they get the hive and honey made. Bicycle Parts Whole Bicycle Drone Queen Worker You can get a lot farther with it put together

1.3 Cells are the structural and functional units of life A cell is the lowest level that can have all the properties of life. UNICELLULAR – an organism that consists of only one cell EX: bacteria MULTICELLULAR – an organisms that consists of more than one cell

Prokaryotic Cells – have no nucleus bound in a membrane EX: bacteria -smaller First to evolve (3.7 bya) Eukaryotic Cells – have a nucleus bound in a membrane EX: nerve cell, plant cell, paramecium -larger cells -evolved around 2.1 bya How did the evolution of Life begin? (4:16)How did the evolution of Life begin?

Prediction Several Proven made from tests showed true every observations idea to be time (no true exception) Ball will go Ball, rock, Law of down off cliff + wheel go Gravity off cliff HYPOTHESIS THEORY LAW

Darwin’s Ideas of Evolution Natural Selection – Survival of the fittest Descent with Modification – changes from a common ancestor

Carolus Linnaeus’ Ideas Devised a system of binomial nomenclature (Genus and species) A dichotomous key is used to identify organisms; a character divides in two each time

1.5 Evolution, the core theme of Biology The unity of life is based on DNA and a common genetic code ALL CELLS HAVE DNA ALL CELLS HAVE FOUR BASES THAT MAKE UP DNA (A,T, C, G) DNA is the molecule that makes up genes (units of inheritance) that group to make chromosomes

DNA is the blueprint for making proteins (pigments, enzymes, membranes, hormones…)