The International Linear Collider Barry Barish IUPAP General Assembly Cape Town 26-Oct-05

IUPAP General Assembly2 Particle Physics Inquiry Based Science 1.Are there undiscovered principles of nature: New symmetries, new physical laws? 2.How can we solve the mystery of dark energy? 3.Are there extra dimensions of space? 4.Do all the forces become one? 5.Why are there so many kinds of particles? 6.What is dark matter? How can we make it in the laboratory? 7.What are neutrinos telling us? 8.How did the universe come to be? 9.What happened to the antimatter? from the Quantum Universe

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly3 Answering the Questions Three Complementary Probes Neutrinos as a Probe –Particle physics and astrophysics using a weakly interacting probe High Energy Proton Proton Colliders –Opening up a new energy frontier ( ~ 1 TeV scale) High Energy Electron Positron Colliders –Precision Physics at the new energy frontier

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly4 Neutrinos observed from the sun ! Davis and Bahcall Koshiba Superkamiokande

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly5 But, too few neutrinos … If neutrinos have mass, then as conjectured earlier by Bruno Pontecorvo, neutrinos could “oscillate” from one type to another. In this case, some of the original electron neutrinos made in the sun convert to other neutrinos on trajectory to the earth

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly6 Puzzle resolved … neutrinos oscillate SNO (Canada) used D 2 0 to detect other neutrino types KamLAND used terrestrial neutrinos from reactors, observes oscillations

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly7 Neutrinos – The Future Long baseline neutrino experiments – Create neutrinos at an accelerator or reactor and study at long distance when they have oscillated from one type to another. MINOS

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly8 Accelerators and the Energy Frontier Large Hadron Collider CERN – Geneva Switzerland

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly9 CMS: Compact Muon Detector Scheduled for completion by end of 2007 Muon detectors Magnet cold mass

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly10 LHC and the Energy Frontier Source of Particle Mass The Higgs Field Discover the Higgs or variants or ???

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly11 The linear collider will measure the spin of any Higgs it can produce by measuring the energy dependence from threshold How do you know you have discovered the Higgs ? Measure the quantum numbers. The Higgs must have spin zero !

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly12 The ILC and the Energy Frontier International Linear Collider

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly13 Electron-Positron Colliders Bruno Touschek built the first succesful electron-positron collider at Frascati, Italy (1960) Eventually, went up to 3 GeV ADA

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly14 But, not quite high enough energy …. Discovery Of Charm Particles and 3.1 GeV Burt Richter Nobel Prize SPEAR at SLAC

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly15 The rich history for e + e - continued as higher energies were achieved … DESY PETRA Collider

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly16 Electron Positron Colliders The Energy Frontier

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly17 Why e + e - Collisions ? elementary particles well-defined –energy, –angular momentum uses full COM energy produces particles democratically can mostly fully reconstruct events

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly18 New space-time dimensions can be mapped by studying the emission of gravitons into the extra dimensions, together with a photon or jets emitted into the normal dimensions. Linear collider Direct production from extra dimensions ?

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly19 Designing a Linear Collider Superconducting RF Main Linac

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly20 Superconducting RF Cavities High Gradient Accelerator 35 MV/meter km linear collider

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly21 Improved Processing Electropolishing Chemical Polish Electro Polish

Internationl Linear Collider Timeline Global Design EffortProject Baseline configuration Reference Design ILC R&D Program Technical Design Expression of Interest to Host International Mgmt

26-Oct-05IUPAP General Assembly23 Conclusions We have determined a number of very fundamental physics questions to answer, like …. –What determines mass? –What is the dark matter? –Are there new symmetries in nature? –What explains the baryon asymmetry? –Are the forces of nature unified We are developing the tools to answer these questions and discover new ones –Neutrino Physics –Large Hadron Collider –International Linear Collider The next era of particle physics will be very exciting