Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition 14 C H A P T E R INPUT DESIGN AND PROTOTYPING

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Chapter Fourteen Input Design & Prototyping Define the appropriate format and media for a computer input. Explain the difference between data capture, data entry, and data input. Identify and describe several automatic data collection technologies. Apply human factors to the design of computer inputs. Design internal controls for computer inputs. Select proper screen-based controls for input attributes that are to appear on a GUI input screen. Design a web-based input interface.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Chapter Map

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Taxonomy for Computer Inputs Process Method Data Capture Data Entry Data Processing Keyboard Mouse Touch Screen collected into batch fileskeyboard. This is the most (disk) for processing as a but also the most prone to Data can be collected real keyboard to simplify data commonly associated with graphical user interfaces to reduce errors through screen display or handheldchoices are processed touch commands and data Data usually captured on a business form that becomes the source document for input. - time (over the phone). Data entered via common input method, errors. OLD: Data can be batch. NEW: Data processed as soon as it has been keyed. Same as above. Used in conjunction with entry. Mouse serves as a pointing device for a screen. Can be with point-and-click choices. Same as above, but the use of a mouse is most on-line and real-time processing. Same as above. Data entered on a touch device. Data entry users either choices, or enter data using handwriting recognition. On PCs, touch screen same as above. On handheld computers, data is stored on the handheld for later processing as a remote batch.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Taxonomy for Computer Inputs (continued)

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Taxonomy for Computer Inputs (concluded)

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Data Capture, Entry, and Processing Data capture is the identification and acquisition of new data (at its source). –Source documents are forms used to record business transactions in terms of data that describe those transactions. Data entry is the process of translating the source data or document (above) into a computer readable format. Data processing is all processing that occurs on the data after it is input from a machine readable form. –In batch processing, the entered data is collected into files called batches and processed as a complete batch. –In on-line processing, the captured data is processed immediately –In remote batch processing, data is entered and edited on- line, but collected into batches for subsequent processing.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Input Implementation Methods Keyboard Mouse Point-of-sale terminals Sound and speech Automatic data capture –Optical mark recognition (OMR) Bar codes –Optical character recognition (OCR) –Magnetic Ink –Electromagnetic transmission –Smart cards –Biometric

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Automatic Identification: Bar Codes

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Input Design Guidelines Capture only variable data. Do not capture data that can calculated or stored in computer programs as constants. Use business codes for appropriate attributes.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Source Document / Form Design Guidelines Include instructions for completing the form. Minimize the amount of handwriting. Data to be entered (keyed) should be sequenced so that it can be read like a book, that is, top-to-bottom and left-to-right. When possible, based input design on known metaphors.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Bad Flow in a Form

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Good Flow in a Form

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Metaphoric Screen Design

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Internal Controls for Inputs Each input, and the total number of inputs should be monitored (to minimize the risk of lost transactions). –For batch processing Use batch control slips Use one-for-one checks against post-processing detail reports –For on-line systems Log each transaction as it occurs Assign each transaction a confirmation number (common in web-based systems) Validate all data –Existence checks –Data type checks –Domain checks –Combination checks –Self-checking digits –Format checks

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Repository-Based Prototyping and Development

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Repository-Based Prototyping and Development

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition GUI Components (or Controls) Common GUI controls (for both Windows and Web interfaces) –Text boxes –Radio buttons –Check boxes –List boxes –Drop down lists –Combination boxes –Spin boxes –Buttons –Hyperlinks (yes, also for Windows applications—see Quicken 2000) Advanced controls (mostly for Windows interfaces) –Drop down calendars –Slider edit controls –Masked edit controls –Ellipsis controls –Alternate numerical spinners –Check list boxes –Check tree boxes

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Common GUI Components

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Advanced GUI Components

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Advanced GUI Components (continued)

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Input Design Process 1.Identify system inputs and review logical requirements. 2.Select appropriate input components/controls. 3.As necessary, design any source documents. 4.Design, validate and test inputs using some combination of: 1.Layout tools (e.g., hand sketches, spacing charts, or CASE tools. 2.Prototyping tools (e.g., spreadsheet, PC DBMS, 4GL)

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition A Logical Data Structure for Input Requirements ORDER = ORDER NUMBER +ORDER DATE +CUSTOMER NUMBER +CUSTOMER NAME +CUSTOMER SHIPPING ADDRESS = ADDRESS > +( CUSTOMER BILLING ADDRESS = ADDRESS > ) +1 {PRODUCT NUMBER + QUANTITY ORDERED } n +( DEFAULT CREDIT CARD NUMBER ) ADDRESS=( POST OFFICE BOX NUMBER ) +STREET ADDRESS +CITY +STATE +POSTAL ZONE

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Input Prototype for Data Maintenance

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Input Prototype for Transaction

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Input Prototype for Data Maintenance

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Input Prototype for Web Interface

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS5th Edition Input Prototype for Web Interface