Standards, Devices, and Software Applications B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia ComputingMedia Technologies Video Capture and Editing

Agenda Video standards and formats Video Cameras Typical set-ups and applications Editing and post production Software applications Deployment issues B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia ComputingMedia Technologies

Video Standards Digital video devices must conform to standards Digital standards must maintain compatibility with older analogue standards for broadcast TV

Video Standards: Formats PAL = Phase Alternating Line -Western Europe, Australia & New Zealand, China... NTSC = National Television Standards Committee North America, Japan, Taiwan, parts of South America SECAM - (Séquential Couleur Avec Mémoire) - France and former Soviet Union - Analogue Standard only used for transmission- uses PAL cameras

Digitization In the camera – DV + Firewire In the computer – video capture card Digitization in camera (DV) means less noise Less noise allows better compression

Video Characteristics PAL Frame has 625 lines, 576 are picture 25 frames ( 50 fields) per second NTSC Frame has 525 lines, 480 are picture frames (59,94 fields) per second (often quoted as 30 frames per second)

Video Standard CCIR 601 PAL 720 x 576 pixels; NTSC 720 x 480 pixels

Video Format: PAL Data size PAL = Phase Alternating Line (uncompressed) 768 × 576 pixels per frame × 3 bytes per pixel (24 bit colour) × 25 frames per second = 31 MB per second = 1.85 GB per minute

Video Format: NTSC Data size NTSC uncompressed 640 × 480 pixels per frame × 3 bytes per pixel (24 bit colour) × 30 frames per second (approx) = 26 MB per second = 1.6 GB per minute

Video Standard: DV Consumer format, aslo known as mini-DV DVCAM, DVPRO use different tape formats, but generate the same data stream Data rate constant 25Mbits per second Compression ration 5:1

Video Standard: MPEG ISO/IEC Motion Picture Experts Group Series of standards including MPEG-1 intended for video CD MPEG-2 used in DVD and Broadcast MPEG-4 for low bit-rate multimedia

Streamed Video Play back a video stream over a network (like broadcast TV) Use dedicated media server to stream content to match capacity of network connection QuickTime movie Embed into Macromedia Flash

Video Equipment:Entry Level B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia ComputingMedia Technologies

Video Equipment: DVD Record B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia ComputingMedia Technologies

Video Equipment: Pro B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia ComputingMedia Technologies

Video Equipment: Pro B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia ComputingMedia Technologies

Advanced Setup B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia ComputingMedia Technologies

Video Editing Make a sequence (movie) from a collection of parts (clips) Selection, trimming and organization of raw footage Apply transitions (e.g dissolves) between clips Combine moving images with sound No changes made to the original resource footage

Post Production Changing or adding to the material Most changes are generalizations of image manipulation operations (e.g colour correction, blurring and sharpening,…) Compositing - combining elements from different movies into a composite sequence Animating elements and combining animation with live action

Software Applications Premiere Pro PC only Adobe Final Cut - Apple Mac iMovie - Apple Mac Ulead Media Studio Pro After Effects - Adobe Pinnacle Studios

B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia ComputingMedia Technologies

B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia ComputingMedia Technologies Final Cut Pro

B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia ComputingMedia Technologies Pinnacle Studio

Deployment Compromises required to bring resource requirements of video within capabilities of delivery medium ( e.g networks) and low-end machines Reduce frame size - down sample to quarter frame size - i.e. 320x240 pixels Reduce sample rate (12 or 15 fps is OK for smooth motion, flicker not a problem on computer Reduce colour depth

References B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia ComputingMedia Technologies Digital Multimedia 2nd Edition Chapman N. Chapman J. Wiley