Lindeman 1942 External energy source PRIMARY PRODUCERS CONSUMERSDECOMPOSERS ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT Figure 51.1.

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Presentation transcript:

Lindeman 1942

External energy source PRIMARY PRODUCERS CONSUMERSDECOMPOSERS ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT Figure 51.1

Figure THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE Organisms, chemical processes in ocean: 40,000 All values in gigatons of carbon per year Atmosphere: 778 (during 1990s) Net uptake via photosynthesis by plants: 3.0 Net uptake via photosynthesis, chemical processes: 1.5 Rivers (erosion): 0.8 Organisms, soil, litter, peat: 2190 Aquatic ecosystems Terrestrial ecosystems Human-induced changes Land-use change (primarily deforestation): 1.6 Fossil-fuel use: 6.3

Land use Fossil fuel use Year Annual flux of carbon (10 15 g) Figure 51.12a Human-induced increases in CO 2 flux over time

<35 35–55 55–90 >90 Productivity ranges (g/m 2 /yr) Figure 51.3b Marine productivity

0– – – – –800 >800 Productivity ranges (g/m 2 /yr) Figure 51.3a Terrestrial productivity

Figure Net primary productivity (kgC/m 2 /year) 3 2 1

Figure 54-3 NPP per unit area Area covered, by ecosystem type Total NPP Terrestrial Aquatic

Figure THE GLOBAL NITROGEN CYCLE Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria: 15 All values in gigatons of nitrogen per year Atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) Protein and nucleic acid synthesis Bacteria in mud use N-containing molecules as energy sources, excrete N 2 : 310 Decomposition of detritus into ammonia Internal cycling: 1200 Industrial fixation: 100 Lightning and rain: 3 Internal cycling: 8000 Permanent burial: 10 Runoff: 36 Mud Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in roots and soil: 202