Presidential Powers Article 2, Section 1: –Executive Power in a Prez and VP for 4 years Article 2, Section 2: –Commander-in-Chief –Pardons –Make treaties –Nominate and appoint and fill vacancies

Presidential Powers Article 2, Section 3: –Information on State of the Union –Convene Special Congressional Sessions –Receive Foreign ambassadors Article 2, Section 4: –Removed by Impeachment for treason, bribery, high crimes and misdemeanors

Presidential Powers 20th Amendment: –Changed term to begin January 20 22nd Amendment: –2 terms 25th Amendment: –Presidential succession and disability

Presidential Expectations Chief of State Chief Executive Commander-in-Chief Chief Diplomat Chief Legislator Party Chief Voice of the people Protector of the Peace Manager of the Prosperity World leader ALL AT THE SAME TIME!!

Presidential Limitations Congress Courts Bureaucracy Federalism Capitalism Public Time Outside Forces

Separation of Powers or Separate Institutions Sharing Power? (Figure 18.2, Barbour and Wright, Keeping the Republic, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, © 2001)

Evolution of the Presidency Traditional “Do Nothing” Presidency “Modern Presidency” –greater formal and informal powers for initiative –increased staff and advisory capacity Brownlow Commission Report (1937) EOP (1939) –agenda setter –most visible national actor

Presidential Leadership No-Win Presidency? Lead by Command or by Persuasion? The President’s Helpers

Policy Triad National Security Adviser and NSC (Staff) State Defense

Advising the President The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly

The Good: Brent Scowcroft (?) NSA to Ford and “41” General, USAF (ret.) PhD Columbia (pic courtesy

The Bad: John M. Poindexter (!) NSA to Reagan ’85-86 Vice Admiral, USN (ret.) convicted in 1990 of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and destruction of evidence in connection with the Iran-Contra affair Overturned on appeal (Don Rypka-AFP)

The Ugly: You pick…

The “First” McGeorge Bundy JFK and LBJ, Harvard’s Dean of the Faculty at

The Current Dr. Condoleezza Rice Stanford’s Provost NSC (Staff) in 41’s administration (Soviet Union) 1954, Birmingham, Alabama PhD University of Denver, 1974

It’s MY power! National Security Act 1947 –NSC –JCS –SecDef (et al.) –CIA Increasing reliance on NSC staff Centralization of policymaking in the White House

Advising the President Short Run Advantages for the President Long Run Disadvantages for the Presidency? Principal-Agent Relationships